The chemical biology of S-nitrosothiols. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012 Oct 01;17(7):969-80
Date
04/04/2012Pubmed ID
22468855Pubmed Central ID
PMC3411335DOI
10.1089/ars.2012.4590Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84864579819 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 228 CitationsAbstract
SIGNIFICANCE: S-nitrosothiol formation and protein S-nitrosation is an important nitric oxide (NO)-dependent signaling paradigm that is relevant to almost all aspects of cell biology, from proliferation, to homeostasis, to programmed cell death. However, the mechanisms by which S-nitrosothiols are formed are still largely unknown, and there are gaps of understanding between the known chemical biology of S-nitrosothiols and their reported functions.
RECENT ADVANCES: This review attempts to describe the biological chemistry of S-nitrosation and to point out where the challenges lie in matching the known chemical biology of these compounds with their reported functions. The review will detail new discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the formation of S-nitrosothiols in biological systems.
CRITICAL ISSUES: Although S-nitrosothiols may be formed with some degree of specificity on particular protein thiols, through un-catalyzed chemistry, and mechanisms for their degradation and redistribution are present, these processes are not sufficient to explain the vast array of specific and targeted responses of NO that have been attributed to S-nitrosation. Elements of catalysis have been discovered in the formation, distribution, and metabolism of S-nitrosothiols, but it is less clear whether these represent a specific network for targeted NO-dependent signaling.
FUTURE DIRECTIONS: Much recent work has uncovered new targets for S-nitrosation through either targeted or proteome-wide approaches There is a need to understand which of these modifications represent concerted and targeted signaling processes and which is an inevitable consequence of living with NO. There is still much to be learned about how NO transduces signals in cells and the role played by protein S-nitrosation.
Author List
Broniowska KA, Hogg NAuthor
Neil Hogg PhD Senior Associate Dean, Professor in the Biophysics department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnimalsHumans
Nitric Oxide
Nitrosation
S-Nitrosothiols
