An update on the physiology of the components of the upper esophageal sphincter. Dysphagia 1994;9(4):229-32
Date
01/01/1994Pubmed ID
7805421DOI
10.1007/BF00301915Scopus ID
2-s2.0-0028030589 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 27 CitationsAbstract
The upper esophageal sphincter is composed of both opening and closing muscles. The opening muscles include the thyrohyoideus and the geniohyoideus, and the closing muscles include the cricopharyngeus, thyropharyngeus, and cervical esophagus. The relative contribution of each muscle to the opening and closing of the UES varies with the physiologic state. Although the cricopharyngeus may be the primary muscle of the UES, it cannot account for all of the observed functions of the UES.
Author List
Lang IM, Shaker RAuthors
Ivan M. Lang DVM, PhD Adjunct Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinReza Shaker MD Assoc Provost, Sr Assoc Dean, Ctr Dir, Chief, Prof in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
ArousalDeglutition
Deglutition Disorders
Esophagogastric Junction
Humans
Posture
Respiration