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CURRICULUM VITAE

Kristen Labovsky MD
Assistant Professor
Department of Anesthesiology
Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology

OFFICE ADDRESS:
Children’s Wisconsin - Milwaukee Hospital
8915 W Connell Court
Milwaukee, WI 53226

EDUCATION:
08/2000 - 06/2004 Bachelor of Arts, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
07/2004 - 06/2008 Doctorate of Medicine, Rush University, Chicago, IL

POSTGRADUATE TRAINING AND FELLOWSHIP APPOINTMENTS:
06/2008 - 07/2009 Transitional Year Internship, Resurrection Medical Center, Chicago, IL
07/2009 - 07/2012 Anesthesia Residency, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
08/2012 - 07/2013 Pediatric Anesthesia Fellowship, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

FACULTY APPOINTMENTS:
08/2013 - Present Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS:
04/01/2019 - 12/31/2020 Associate Program Director Pediatric Anesthesia Fellowship, Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Wisconsin
03/01/2020 - 08/01/2020 Director Advanced Elective in Pediatric Anesthesia and Pain medicine, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
08/01/2020 - 06/30/2024 Residency Site Director, Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 9000 W Wisconsin Avenue, PO Pox 1997 MS-735, Milwaukee, WI 53201
01/01/2021 - Present Program Director Pediatric Anesthesia Fellowship, Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Wisconsin

HOSPITAL AND CLINICAL ADMINISTRATIVE APPOINTMENTS:
08/01/2018 - Present Lead of Craniofacial Anesthesia Team, Pediatric Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
08/01/2020 - 06/30/2024 Division Education Lecture Scheduler, Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesia, Children's Wisconsin
07/01/2023 - Present Lead Pediatric Urology Anesthesia Team, Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Children's Wisconsin

HOSPITAL STAFF PRIVILEGES:
08/2012 - 07/2013 Clinical Instructor, Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Miwaukee, WI
08/2013 - Present Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin/Froedtert Hospital, Milwaukee, WI
08/2013 - Present Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, Pediatric Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

SPECIALTY BOARDS AND CERTIFICATION:
Board Certified
Issue DateExpiration
Anesthesiology
04/19/2013
12/31/2028
Pediatric Anesthesiology
10/19/2013
12/31/2028
   
AWARDS AND HONORS:
06/2005 - 08/2005 End of Life Care Fellowship, Horizon Hospice
06/2011 Medical Student Teacher of the Year, University of Chicago
05/2013 Dr. Elaine Kohler Global Health Elective Scholarship Recipient
07/2020 - 06/2021 Supportive Faculty Award, Medical College of Wisconsin
04/27/2023 Recognized Patient and Family Experience Provider, Children's Specialty Group, Children's Wisconsin
08/23/2023 Excellence in Professionalism Award - Pediatric Anesthesia Team, Children's Specialty Group and Children's Wisconsin
05/31/2024 Milwaukee Magazine Top Doctor, Milwaukee Magazine

MEMBERSHIPS IN HONORARY AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES:
2004 - Present Alpha Omega Alpha
2005 - Present American Society of Anesthesiologists
2006 - Present Society for Pediatric Anesthesia

LOCAL/REGIONAL APPOINTED LEADERSHIP AND COMMITTEE POSITIONS:
12/2018 - 02/2019 Committee chair, Nominating committee for Chief of Surgery and Medical Executive Committee, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
10/01/2020 - 12/31/2020 Committee Chair, Nominating Committee for Chief of Surgery and Surgical Representation for Medical Executive Committee, Children's Wisconsin
01/01/2023 - Present Member, Education Subcommittee, Children's Specialty Group

NATIONAL ELECTED/APPOINTED LEADERSHIP AND COMMITTEE POSITIONS:
06/2013 - 08/01/2022 Committee Member for Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group

INVITED LECTURES/WORKSHOPS/PRESENTATIONS:
International
Kristen Labovsky MD, Creating a Comprehensive Team for Bladder Exstrophy Repair, 2024 International Exstrophy Conference, Milwaukee, WI, 08/03/2024
 
National
Kristen Labovsky MD, Layal Abu Daher MD, E-cigarette and Vaping Associated Lung Injury: Anesthetic Implications, Visiting Professor, Virtual - University of Minnesota, 06/01/2021
 
Local
Kristen Labovsky MD, REACH Facilitator, Medical Student REACH course, Medical College of Wisconsin, 02/01/2019 - Present
Kristen Labovsky MD, Pain and sedation in the NICU, NICU noon conference, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, 04/03/2019
Kristen Labovsky MD, Second Victim Syndrome - New, Department of Anesthesiology Faculty Development, Milwaukee, WI, 01/21/2021
Kristen Labovsky MD, Community Health Needs Assessment, Pediatric Anesthesiology Quality Improvement, Children's Wisconsin, 02/12/2021
 

PEER REVIEWED WORKSHOPS/PRESENTATIONS:
National
Kristen Labovsky, MD, Use of Dexmedetomidine in Pediatric Awake Fiberoptic Intubation, SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2011, San Diego, CA, 02/2011
Kristen Labovsky, MD, Anesthetic Management of Complete Glottic Obstruction During Bronchoscopy, SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2012, Tampa, FL, 02/2012
Kristen Labovsky MD, Eric Walbergh MD, Anesthetic Considerations for Pediatric Patients undergoing Video Assisted Thoracoscopic Thymectomy for Juvenile Myasthenia Graves, SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2013, Las Vegas, NV, 03/2013
Kristen Labovsky MD, Susan Taylor MD, A Neonate with Multiple Congenital Airway and Neurologic Abnormalities causing Severe Respiratory Distress – Does this Strike a Notochord?, Anesthesiology 2013 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 10/2013
Stacy Peterson MD, Kristen Labovsky MD, Susan Taylor MD, Twiddler's Syndrome: Pacemaker Failure during Anesthesia for Epicardial Lead Change, Anesthesiology 2013 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 10/2013
Kristen Labovsky MD, Jake Scott MD, Management of a Patient with Tetralogy of Fallot, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia and Left Lung Agenesis, Anesthesiology 2013 Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, 10/2013
Kristen Labovsky MD, Rose Campise MD, Improving Hand Washing Compliance in the Perioperative Setting, SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2014, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 03/2014
Kristen Labovsky, MD, Jaya Varadarajan, MD, It’s Just a Little Add-On! Airway Deviation from a Neck Mass in a Super Morbidly Obese Pediatric patient, SPA/AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2015, Phoenix, AZ, 03/15/2015
Avani Patel MD, Joshua White MD, Richard Berens MD, Kristen Labovsky MD, Intraoperative Management of Undiagnosed Congenital Heart Disease, ASA 2018, San Francisco, CA, 10/2018
Kristen Labovsky MD, Jaya Varadarajan MD, Problem Based Learning Discussion: Run Hide Fight - An Active Shooter in a Pediatric Hospital Setting, SPA-AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2020, Paradise Island, The Bahamas, 02/29/2020
Kayla Dmytruk MD, Kristen Labovsky MD, Anesthetic Considerations for a Type-D TEF, Society for Pediatric Anesthesia Spring Meeting, Tampa, FL, 04/02/2022
Rushi Patel, Kristen Labovsky, Roger Fons, Infant Internal Decapitation: A Rare Cause of an Unanticipated Difficult Airway, SPA-AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2023, Austin, TX, 04/01/2023
Hemanth Nannepaneni MD, Paul Otto MD, Parth Patel MD, Kristen Labovsky MD, Sleeping With a Brain on Fire: Anesthesia and NMDA Encephalitis, SPA-AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2024, Anaheim, CA, 04/13/2024
Paul Otto, MD, Latha Kampalath, MD, and Kristen Labovsky, MD, Back Against the Wall: A Case of Tracheostomy Obstruction, SPA-AAP Pediatric Anesthesiology 2024, Anaheim, CA, 04/13/2024
 
Regional
Kristen Labovsky MD, Ori Gottlieb MD, Intraoperative Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma, Midwest Anesthesia Resident Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 02/2010
Kristen Labovsky MD, Gita Rupani MD, Cannulation of Aberrant Radial Artery, Midwest Anesthesia Resident Conference, Cincinnati, OH, 02/2010
Kristen Labovsky, MD, Jennifer Hofer, MD, Difficult Airway in Pediatric Trauma, Midwest Anesthesia Resident Conference, Chicago, IL, 02/2012
 

COMMITTEE SERVICE:
Medical College of Wisconsin
01/2017 - Present Member, Fellowship Clinical Competency Committee, Pediatric Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
01/2017 - 08/2023 Member, Resdient Clinical Competency Committee, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
08/01/2019 - Present Member, Program Evaluation Committee Pediatric Anesthesia Fellowship, Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Wisconsin
08/01/2019 - Present Member, Regional Rotation Program Committee, Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Wisconsin
01/01/2022 - Present Chair, Pediatric Education Council, Pediatric Anesthesiology, Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin
 
Hospital
09/01/2014 - Present Member, Quality Improvement Comittee, Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
06/2017 - 12/31/2020 Member, Physician Wellness Committee, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
06/2017 - 06/2018 Member, Appy QI Project, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
04/2018 - 04/2019 Anesthesia Lead Member, Scheduling Multipanel OR Cases, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
12/2018 - 02/2019 Chair, Nominating Committee for Chief of Surgery and Medical Executive Committee, Pediatric Anesthesia, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
10/01/2020 - Present SOS Peer Supporter, SOS Peer Support Program, Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Wisconsin
10/01/2020 - 12/31/2020 Chair, Nomination Committee for Surgical Representation and Chief of Surgery for Medical Executive Committee, Pediatric Anesthesia, Children's Wisconsin
 

MCW TEACHING ACTIVITIES:
Resident and Fellow Education
08/01/2015 - Present Pediatric Obesity - Resident Lecture Series
08/01/2015 - Present New Resident Orientation
08/01/2015 - Present Assessment a child with URI/LRI - Resident Lecture Series
01/01/2016 - Present Applied Exam Joint Fellowship Preparation
08/01/2016 - Present Machine Refresher - Resident Lecture Series
08/01/2019 - Present Anesthesia Nightmares - Fellow Lecture Series
08/01/2019 - Present Wellness and Burnout - Joint Fellowship Lecture Series
 

EXTRAMURAL TEACHING:
Community/Lay Public
05/2004 Northwestern University Searle Center for Teaching Excellence, Teaching Certificate
 

MCW STUDENTS, FACULTY, RESIDENTS AND CLINICAL/RESEARCH FELLOWS MENTORED:
Medical Students
01/2014 - 12/2014 Brian Wright, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin
01/2015 - 12/2015 Ashley Jacobson, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin
05/2015 Heather Hyland, Supervisor Junior medical student rotation, Medical College of Wisconsin
09/14/2015 - 09/25/2015 Alison Bock, Supervisor Junior medical student rotation, Medical College of Wisconsin
01/04/2016 - 12/31/2016 Nana Yaa Kwansa, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin
01/2017 - 12/2017 Sara Vidovic, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin
01/01/2018 - 12/31/2018 Minhi Kang, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin
08/01/2019 - Present Alexandra Kalinowski, QUIPS program Mentor, Medical College of Wisconsin
01/01/2020 - 04/01/2020 Jonelle Campbell, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin
 
Residents
05/01/2015 - 06/30/2018 Kristin Clark, Mentor, Medical College of Wisconsin
09/01/2015 - 06/30/2018 Adam Kahn, Residency Mentor, Medical College of Wisconsin
09/01/2018 - 06/30/2022 Heather Wichman, Residency Mentor, Medical College of Wisconsin
 

EXTRAMURAL STUDENTS, FACULTY, RESIDENTS, AND CLINICAL/RESEARCH FELLOWS MENTORED:
Undergraduate Students
03/23/2016 Katelyn Noronha, Mentor Northwestern Externship, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
 
Medical Students
01/11/2016 - 01/23/2016 Megan Mohnen, Supervisor Junior Medical Student Rotation, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
03/2016 - 06/2017 Megan Mohnen, Mentor - Anestheisa and Pediatrics Interest, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
05/31/2016 - 06/10/2016 Amanda Veling, Supervisor Junior Medical Student Rotation, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
07/17/2017 - 07/28/2017 Jacob Thurston, Supervisor Junior Medical Student Rotation, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
05/28/2018 - 06/08/2018 Camille Lucjak, Supervisor Junior Medical Student Rotation, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
01/01/2019 - 12/31/2019 Alexandra Kalinowski, Clinical Apprenticeship, Medical College of Wisconsin/Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
 
Clinical/Research Fellows
08/2017 - 07/2018 Anna Dziamski, Mentor, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
08/01/2018 - 07/31/2019 Leah Koetje, Mentor, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
08/01/2019 - 07/31/2020 Cassandra Wassomn, Fellowship Mentor, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
 
Residents
06/2015 Chris Anderson, Mentor, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
07/2015 Chris Anderson, Mentor, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
08/01/2015 - 08/31/2015 Chris Anderson, Mentor, Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
 

PROGRAMMATIC DEVELOPMENTS:
Educational Programs
Fellow
05/01/2020 - Present Creation of an Education Council at Children's for all areas of education to collaborate.
03/01/2021 - Present Created content for candidate portal for virtual fellowship interviews
08/01/2024 - Present Creation of Division Education Evening Series
Resident
08/01/2020 Integration of Pediatric Lecture Curriculum with Anesthesia Toolbox Resources
08/01/2020 Improving Resident Hand off at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
08/01/2020 Established standard pre and post rotation communication to residents
08/01/2020 Integrated existing pediatric lectures given with toolbox content.
09/01/2020 Education app development - content created, app in development
12/01/2020 - 06/30/2024 Created comprehensive orientation handbook for new residents
Faculty
08/01/2019 - Present Member of committee to develop regional program for Pediatric Anesthesia Fellowship Regional rotation
 
Research Programs
06/2013 - 06/2023 Implementation and Maintenance of National Craniofacial registry database at Children's Hospital of Wisconsin
 
Clinical Programs
10/01/2019 - Present ERASE POP - Multidisciplinary group to develop postoperative pain algorithm for patients in the NICU.
 
 

COMMUNITY SERVICE ACTIVITIES:
06/2013 Medical Mission with LEAP to Belize
07/2022 - Present Certification in Mental Health First Aid
02/2023 - Present Mental Health First Aid Instructor
 


BIBLIOGRAPHY
Refereed Journal Publications/Original Papers
1. Labovsky K, Hoffman G, Scott J. Management of a Patient With Tetralogy of Fallot, Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, and Complete Left Lung Agenesis. A A Case Rep. 2016 Jul 01;7(1):16-20.
2. Stricker PA, Goobie SM, Cladis FP, Haberkern CM, Meier PM, Reddy SK, Nguyen TT, Cai L, Polansky M, Szmuk P, Fiadjoe J, Soneru C, Falcon R, Petersen T, Kowalczyk-Derderian C, Dalesio N, Budac S, Groenewald N, Rubens D, Thompson D, Watts R, Gentry K, Ivanova I, Hetmaniuk M, Hsieh V, Collins M, Wong K, Binstock W, Reid R, Poteet-Schwartz K, Gries H, Hall R, Koh J, Bannister C, Sung W, Jain R, Fernandez A, Tuite GF, Ruas E, Drozhinin O, Tetreault L, Muldowney B, Ricketts K, Fernandez P, Sohn L, Hajduk J, Taicher B, Burkhart J, Wright A, Kugler J, Barajas-DeLoa L, Gangadharan M, Busso V, Stallworth K, Staudt S, Labovsky KL, Glover CD, Huang H, Karlberg-Hippard H, Capehart S, Streckfus C, Nguyen KT, Manyang P, Martinez JL, Hansen JK, Levy HM, Brzenski A, Chiao F, Ingelmo P, Mujallid R, Olutoye OA, Syed T, Benzon H, Bosenberg A, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Perioperative Outcomes and Management in Pediatric Complex Cranial Vault Reconstruction: A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Anesthesiology. 2017 Feb;126(2):276-287.
3. Goobie et al. Safety of antifibrinolytics in cranial vault reconstructive surgery: a report from the pediatric craniofacial collaborative group. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017 Mar;27(3):271-281. doi: 10.1111/pan.13076. Epub 2017 Feb 17
4. Thompson DR, Zurakowski D, Haberkern CM, Stricker PA, Meier PM, Bannister C, Benzon H, Binstock W, Bosenberg A, Brzenski A, Budac S, Busso V, Capehart S, Chiao F, Cladis F, Collins M, Cusick J, Dabek R, Dalesio N, Falcon R, Fernandez A, Fernandez P, Fiadjoe J, Gangadharan M, Gentry K, Glover C, Goobie S, Gries H, Griffin A, Groenewald CB, Hajduk J, Hall R, Hansen J, Hetmaniuk M, Hsieh V, Huang H, Ingelmo P, Ivanova I, Jain R, Koh J, Kowalczyk-Derderian C, Kugler J, Labovsky K, Martinez JL, Mujallid R, Muldowney B, Nguyen KP, Nguyen T, Olutuye O, Soneru C, Petersen T, Poteet-Schwartz K, Reddy S, Reid R, Ricketts K, Rubens D, Skitt R, Sohn L, Staudt S, Sung W, Syed T, Szmuk P, Taicher B, Tetreault L, Watts R, Wong K, Young V, Zamora L, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Endoscopic Versus Open Repair for Craniosynostosis in Infants Using Propensity Score Matching to Compare Outcomes: A Multicenter Study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Anesth Analg. 2018 Mar;126(3):968-975.
5. Goobie SM, Cladis FP, Glover CD, Huang H, Reddy SK, Fernandez AM, Zurakowski D, Stricker PA, Gries H, the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Safety of antifibrinolytics in cranial vault reconstructive surgery: a report from the pediatric craniofacial collaborative group. Paediatr Anaesth. 2017 Mar;27(3):271-281.
6. Glover CD, Fernandez AM, Huang H, Derderian C, Binstock W, Reid R, Dalesio NM, Zhong J, Stricker PA, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Perioperative outcomes and management in midface advancement surgery: a multicenter observational descriptive study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Paediatr Anaesth. 2018 Aug;28(8):710-718.
7. Fernandez AM, Reddy SK, Gordish-Dressman H, Muldowney BL, Martinez JL, Chiao F, Stricker PA, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Perioperative Outcomes and Surgical Case Volume in Pediatric Complex Cranial Vault Reconstruction: A Multicenter Observational Study From the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Anesth Analg. 2019 Oct;129(4):1069-1078.
8. Goobie SM, Zurakowski D, Isaac KV, Taicher BM, Fernandez PG, Derderian CK, Hetmaniuk M, Stricker PA, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Predictors of perioperative complications in paediatric cranial vault reconstruction surgery: a multicentre observational study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Feb;122(2):215-223.
9. Fernandez PG, Taicher BM, Goobie SM, Gangadharan M, Homi HM, Kugler JA, Skitt R, Cai L, Polansky M, Stricker PA, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Predictors of transfusion outcomes in pediatric complex cranial vault reconstruction: a multicentre observational study from the Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Can J Anaesth. 2019 May;66(5):512-526.
10. Helm C, Labovsky K, Thakrar PD, Diaz CD. E-cigarette, or Vaping, Product Use-Associated Lung Injury-Lessons Learned: A Case Series. A A Pract. 2020 Jun;14(8):e01242. PMCID: PMC7323836
11. Jalali A, Lonsdale H, Zamora LV, Ahumada L, Nguyen ATH, Rehman M, Fackler J, Stricker PA, Fernandez AM, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Machine Learning Applied to Registry Data: Development of a Patient-Specific Prediction Model for Blood Transfusion Requirements During Craniofacial Surgery Using the Pediatric Craniofacial Perioperative Registry Dataset. Anesth Analg. 2021 Jan;132(1):160-171.
12. Lang SS, Meier PM, Paden WZ, Storm PB, Heuer GG, Bartlett SP, Taylor JA, Swanson JW, Meara JG, Proctor M, Okunowo O, Stricker PA, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Spring-mediated cranioplasty versus endoscopic strip craniectomy for sagittal craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021 Oct 01;28(4):416-424.
13. Richardson A, Scott JP, White J, Labovsky K. Isolated Left Upper Extremity Desaturation and Pulmonary Hypertension: What is the Diagnosis? J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2022 Nov;36(11):4213-4216.
14. King MR, Staffa SJ, Stricker PA, Pérez-Pradilla C, Nelson O, Benzon HA, Goobie SM, Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Safety of antifibrinolytics in 6583 pediatric patients having craniosynostosis surgery: A decade of data reported from the multicenter Pediatric Craniofacial Collaborative Group. Paediatr Anaesth. 2022 Dec;32(12):1339-1346.
 
Books, Chapters, and Reviews
1. Peterson, Stacy; Labovsky, Kristen; Weisman, Steven. Acute Pain Management in Children. Bonica's Management of Pain 5th ed. 2018
2. Labovsky, Kristen. Clinical Pediatric Anesthesiology. McGraw Hill; c2021. Chapter 15, Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Procedures