Medical College of Wisconsin
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William Gross PhD, MD

William Gross PhD, MD profile photo picture

Associate Professor

Institution: Medical College of Wisconsin
Department: Anesthesiology

image of /images/ORCIDiD_icon16x16.png   https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4182-0641

Member of the Neuroscience Research Center


I am willing to collaborate on research projects.

View Curriculum Vitae

Research Areas of Interest

  • Electrocorticography
  • Language
  • Machine Learning
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging

    • Research Experience

  • Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Neurosurgery

    • Clinical Expertise

  • Anesthesiology

    • Methodologies and Techniques

  • Electrocorticography
  • Electroencephalography
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  • Magnetoencephalography

    • Leadership Positions

  • Medical Student Anesthesiology Clerkship Director

    • Publications (27)

  • Neural decoding of autobiographical mental image features with a general semantic model. (Anderson AJ, Fernandino L, Gross WL, Rey HG, Binder JR) Nat Commun 2025 Dec 12;16(1):11208 PMID: 41387573 PMCID: PMC12714718 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-105025197812 12/13/2025    
  • The Differential Effects of Propofol and Dexmedetomidine on Intraoperative Neuropsychological Testing During Awake Craniotomies. (Pillay S, Maruska B, Butts AM, Saber M, Gross WL) World Neurosurg 2025 Oct;202:124400 PMID: 40850667 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-105016524672 08/25/2025    
  • Predicting memory decline from left temporal lobe epilepsy surgery using preoperative fMRI: a multicenter study. (Gross WL, Swanson SJ, Helfand AI, Pillay SB, Humphries CJ, Raghavan M, Mueller WM, Carlson CE, Conant LL, Busch RM, Lowe M, Tivarus ME, Drane DL, Jacobs M, Morgan VL, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP, Bonilha L, Bookheimer S, Grabowski T, Vannest J, Binder JR, FMRI in Anterior Temporal Epilepsy Surgery FATES Study) Neuroimage Clin 2025;46:103804 PMID: 40424645 PMCID: PMC12156247 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-105005941125 05/27/2025       1 Citation
  • Reliable change on the selective reminding test in a series of left-hemisphere language dominant patients with right temporal lobe epilepsy. (Pillay SB, Gross WL, Janecek JK, Binder JR, Oleksy AJ, Swanson SJ) Epilepsy Behav 2023 Jan;138:109004 PMID: 36473300 PMCID: PMC9885384 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85143541324 12/07/2022       2 Citations
  • Late dominance of the right hemisphere during narrative comprehension. (Youssofzadeh V, Conant L, Stout J, Ustine C, Humphries C, Gross WL, Shah-Basak P, Mathis J, Awe E, Allen L, DeYoe EA, Carlson C, Anderson CT, Maganti R, Hermann B, Nair VA, Prabhakaran V, Meyerand B, Binder JR, Raghavan M) Neuroimage 2022 Dec 01;264:119749 PMID: 36379420 PMCID: PMC9772156 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85141915479 11/16/2022       7 Citations
  • Semantic network activation facilitates oral word reading in chronic aphasia. (Pillay SB, Gross WL, Heffernan J, Book DS, Binder JR) Brain Lang 2022 Oct;233:105164 PMID: 35933744 PMCID: PMC9948519 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85135407900 08/08/2022    
  • Prediction of Naming Outcome With fMRI Language Lateralization in Left Temporal Epilepsy Surgery. (Gross WL, Helfand AI, Swanson SJ, Conant LL, Humphries CJ, Raghavan M, Mueller WM, Busch RM, Allen L, Anderson CT, Carlson CE, Lowe MJ, Langfitt JT, Tivarus ME, Drane DL, Loring DW, Jacobs M, Morgan VL, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP, Bonilha L, Bookheimer S, Grabowski T, Vannest J, Binder JR, FMRI in Anterior Temporal Epilepsy Surgery (FATES) Study) Neurology 2022 Jun 07;98(23):e2337-e2346 PMID: 35410903 PMCID: PMC9202528 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85131545635 04/13/2022       25 Citations
  • Intracranial Vascular Procedures. (Gross WL, Sacho RH) Anesthesiol Clin 2021 Mar;39(1):1-18 PMID: 33563374 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85099139893 02/11/2021       2 Citations
  • Temporal lobe regions essential for preserved picture naming after left temporal epilepsy surgery. (Binder JR, Tong JQ, Pillay SB, Conant LL, Humphries CJ, Raghavan M, Mueller WM, Busch RM, Allen L, Gross WL, Anderson CT, Carlson CE, Lowe MJ, Langfitt JT, Tivarus ME, Drane DL, Loring DW, Jacobs M, Morgan VL, Allendorfer JB, Szaflarski JP, Bonilha L, Bookheimer S, Grabowski T, Vannest J, Swanson SJ, fMRI in Anterior Temporal Epilepsy Surgery (FATES) study) Epilepsia 2020 Sep;61(9):1939-1948 PMID: 32780878 PMCID: PMC7722029 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85089258019 08/12/2020       54 Citations
  • Mapping language from MEG beta power modulations during auditory and visual naming. (Youssofzadeh V, Stout J, Ustine C, Gross WL, Conant LL, Humphries CJ, Binder JR, Raghavan M) Neuroimage 2020 Oct 15;220:117090 PMID: 32593799 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85086940876 07/01/2020       18 Citations
  • Changes in description naming for common and proper nouns after left anterior temporal lobectomy. (Swanson SJ, Conant LL, Humphries CJ, LeDoux M, Raghavan M, Mueller WM, Allen L, Gross WL, Anderson CT, Carlson CE, Busch RM, Lowe M, Tivarus ME, Drane DL, Loring DW, Jacobs M, Morgan VL, Szaflarski J, Bonilha L, Bookheimer S, Grabowski T, Phatak V, Vannest J, Binder JR, FMRI in Anterior Temporal Epilepsy Surgery (FATES) study) Epilepsy Behav 2020 May;106:106912 PMID: 32179500 PMCID: PMC7195239 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85081244333 03/18/2020       9 Citations
  • Propofol Sedation Alters Perceptual and Cognitive Functions in Healthy Volunteers as Revealed by Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (Gross WL, Lauer KK, Liu X, Roberts CJ, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Binder JR, Li SJ, Hudetz AG) Anesthesiology 2019 Aug;131(2):254-265 PMID: 31314747 PMCID: PMC6640651 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85077347748 07/18/2019       28 Citations
  • Regional entropy of functional imaging signals varies differently in sensory and cognitive systems during propofol-modulated loss and return of behavioral responsiveness. (Liu X, Lauer KK, Ward BD, Roberts CJ, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Rohloff R, Gross W, Xu Z, Chen S, Wang L, Yang Z, Li SJ, Binder JR, Hudetz AG) Brain Imaging Behav 2019 Apr;13(2):514-525 PMID: 29737490 PMCID: PMC6239968 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85046653018 05/09/2018       11 Citations
  • The Neural Basis of Successful Word Reading in Aphasia. (Pillay SB, Gross WL, Graves WW, Humphries C, Book DS, Binder JR) J Cogn Neurosci 2018 Apr;30(4):514-525 PMID: 29211656 PMCID: PMC9926535 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85042764522 12/07/2017       10 Citations
  • Fine-Grained Parcellation of Brain Connectivity Improves Differentiation of States of Consciousness During Graded Propofol Sedation. (Liu X, Lauer KK, Ward BD, Roberts CJ, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Rohloff R, Gross W, Xu Z, Chen G, Binder JR, Li SJ, Hudetz AG) Brain Connect 2017 Aug;7(6):373-381 PMID: 28540741 PMCID: PMC5685154 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85027416134 05/26/2017       22 Citations
  • Lesion localization of speech comprehension deficits in chronic aphasia. (Pillay SB, Binder JR, Humphries C, Gross WL, Book DS) Neurology 2017 Mar 07;88(10):970-975 PMID: 28179469 PMCID: PMC5333516 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85014816931 02/10/2017       85 Citations
  • Propofol attenuates low-frequency fluctuations of resting-state fMRI BOLD signal in the anterior frontal cortex upon loss of consciousness. (Liu X, Lauer KK, Douglas Ward B, Roberts C, Liu S, Gollapudy S, Rohloff R, Gross W, Chen G, Xu Z, Binder JR, Li SJ, Hudetz AG) Neuroimage 2017 Feb 15;147:295-301 PMID: 27993673 PMCID: PMC5303656 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-85007209110 12/21/2016       50 Citations
  • Surface errors without semantic impairment in acquired dyslexia: a voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping study. (Binder JR, Pillay SB, Humphries CJ, Gross WL, Graves WW, Book DS) Brain 2016 May;139(Pt 5):1517-26 PMID: 26966139 PMCID: PMC5006249 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84966648862 03/12/2016       49 Citations
  • Predicting brain activation patterns associated with individual lexical concepts based on five sensory-motor attributes. (Fernandino L, Humphries CJ, Seidenberg MS, Gross WL, Conant LL, Binder JR) Neuropsychologia 2015 Sep;76:17-26 PMID: 25863238 PMCID: PMC4638171 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84944150675 04/12/2015       58 Citations
  • Concept Representation Reflects Multimodal Abstraction: A Framework for Embodied Semantics. (Fernandino L, Binder JR, Desai RH, Pendl SL, Humphries CJ, Gross WL, Conant LL, Seidenberg MS) Cereb Cortex 2016 May;26(5):2018-34 PMID: 25750259 PMCID: PMC4830284 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84965165807 03/10/2015       227 Citations
  • Alternative thresholding methods for fMRI data optimized for surgical planning. (Gross WL, Binder JR) Neuroimage 2014 Jan 01;84:554-61 PMID: 24021837 PMCID: PMC3919165 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84884960624 09/12/2013       28 Citations
  • Psychosis in the context of sodium oxybate therapy. (Langford J, Gross WL) J Clin Sleep Med 2011 Dec 15;7(6):665-6 PMID: 22171207 PMCID: PMC3227714 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-84855671572 12/16/2011       18 Citations
  • Mapping anterior temporal lobe language areas with fMRI: a multicenter normative study. (Binder JR, Gross WL, Allendorfer JB, Bonilha L, Chapin J, Edwards JC, Grabowski TJ, Langfitt JT, Loring DW, Lowe MJ, Koenig K, Morgan PS, Ojemann JG, Rorden C, Szaflarski JP, Tivarus ME, Weaver KE) Neuroimage 2011 Jan 15;54(2):1465-75 PMID: 20884358 PMCID: PMC2997157 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-78649647529 10/05/2010       233 Citations
  • Common neural systems associated with the recognition of famous faces and names: an event-related fMRI study. (Nielson KA, Seidenberg M, Woodard JL, Durgerian S, Zhang Q, Gross WL, Gander A, Guidotti LM, Antuono P, Rao SM) Brain Cogn 2010 Apr;72(3):491-8 PMID: 20167415 PMCID: PMC2935638 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-77349107356 02/20/2010       37 Citations
  • Analogical inference: the role of awareness in abstract learning. (Gross WL, Greene AJ) Memory 2007 Nov;15(8):838-44 PMID: 18033621 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-36549072084 11/23/2007       22 Citations
  • Hippocampal differentiation without recognition: an fMRI analysis of the contextual cueing task. (Greene AJ, Gross WL, Elsinger CL, Rao SM) Learn Mem 2007 Aug;14(8):548-53 PMID: 17690338 PMCID: PMC2078244 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-34548333568 08/11/2007       108 Citations
  • An FMRI analysis of the human hippocampus: inference, context, and task awareness. (Greene AJ, Gross WL, Elsinger CL, Rao SM) J Cogn Neurosci 2006 Jul;18(7):1156-73 PMID: 16839289 PMCID: PMC2078243 SCOPUS ID: 2-s2.0-33746029952 07/15/2006       103 Citations
    • Last update: 12/15/2025