Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase or the apoptotic protein p53 lowers the threshold of helium cardioprotection in vivo: the role of mitochondrial permeability transition. Anesth Analg 2008 Sep;107(3):769-75
Date
08/21/2008Pubmed ID
18713881Pubmed Central ID
PMC2569871DOI
10.1213/ane.0b013e3181815b84Scopus ID
2-s2.0-51449098817 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 33 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Prosurvival signaling kinases inhibit glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) activity and stimulate apoptotic protein p53 degradation. Helium produces cardioprotection by activating prosurvival kinases, but whether GSK and p53 inhibition mediate this process is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of GSK or p53 lowers the threshold of helium cardioprotection via a mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP)-dependent mechanism.
METHODS: Rabbits (n = 85) instrumented for hemodynamic measurement and subjected to a 30 min left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion and 3 h reperfusion received 0.9% saline (control), or 1, 3, or 5 cycles of 70% helium-30% oxygen administered for 5 min interspersed with 5 min of an air-oxygen mixture (fraction of inspired oxygen concentration = 0.30) before LAD occlusion. Other rabbits received the GSK inhibitor SB 216763 (SB21; 0.2 or 0.6 mg/kg), the p53 inhibitor pifithrin-alpha (PIF; 1.5 or 3.0 mg/kg), or SB21 (0.2 mg/kg) or PIF (1.5 mg/kg) plus helium (1 cycle) before LAD occlusion in the presence or absence of the mPTP opener atractyloside (5 mg/kg).
RESULTS: Helium reduced (P < 0.05) myocardial infarct size (35 +/- 6 [n = 7], 25 +/- 4 [n = 7], and 20 +/- 3% [n = 6] of area at risk, 1, 3, and 5 cycles, respectively) compared with control (44 +/- 6% [n = 7]). SB21 (0.6 [n = 7] but not 0.2 mg/kg [n = 6]) and PIF (3.0 [n = 6] but not 1.5 mg/kg [n = 7]) also reduced necrosis. SB21 (0.2 mg/kg) or 1.5 mg/kg PIF (1.5 mg/kg) plus helium (1 cycle; n = 6 per group) decreased infarct size to an equivalent degree as three cycles of helium alone, and this cardioprotection was blocked by atractyloside (n = 7 per group).
CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of GSK or p53 lowers the threshold of helium-induced preconditioning via a mPTP-dependent mechanism in vivo.
Author List
Pagel PS, Krolikowski JG, Pratt PF Jr, Shim YH, Amour J, Warltier DC, Weihrauch DAuthor
Dorothee Weihrauch DVM, PhD Research Scientist II in the Anesthesiology department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnimalsApoptosis
Atractyloside
Benzothiazoles
Cardiotonic Agents
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta
Glycogen Synthase Kinases
Helium
Indoles
Male
Maleimides
Mitochondria
Oxygen
Permeability
Rabbits
Toluene
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
