Granulomatous-lymphocytic lung disease shortens survival in common variable immunodeficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2004 Aug;114(2):415-21
Date
08/19/2004Pubmed ID
15316526DOI
10.1016/j.jaci.2004.05.057Scopus ID
2-s2.0-4344639917 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 292 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by low levels of serum immunoglobulins and an inability to make specific antibodies.
OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and effect on survival of noninfectious pulmonary disease in patients with CVID.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 69 patients with CVID was performed. Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of the type of pulmonary disease present: group 1 (n=29), no pulmonary disease; group 2 (n=23), chronic respiratory symptoms without diffuse radiographic abnormalities; and group 3 (n=18), chronic respiratory symptoms and diffuse radiographic abnormalities. Group 3 patients were divided into 2 subgroups on the basis of the histopathologic pattern seen on biopsy. Group 3A (n=13) included patients with granulomatous lung disease, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia, follicular bronchiolitis, and lymphoid hyperplasia, a group of syndromes referred to as granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD). Group 3B (n=5) consisted of patients with all other types of interstitial lung disease (ILD).
RESULTS: Fifty-eight percent of patients with CVID had noninfectious pulmonary complications. Group 3A (GLILD) patients had worse prognosis than the other groups, with a median survival of 13.7 versus 28.8 years (P<.001). Lymphoproliferative disease occurred in 31% of patients with GLILD. GLILD was associated with the presence of dyspnea (P<.05); splenomegaly (P<.05); restrictive pulmonary physiology; consolidation, ground-glass, and reticular radiographic abnormalities; and low CD3+ (P<.05) and CD8+ cell populations (P<.01).
CONCLUSION: ILD is common in patients with CVID. The presence of GLILD was associated with a worse prognosis and increased prevalence of lymphoproliferative disorders.
Author List
Bates CA, Ellison MC, Lynch DA, Cool CD, Brown KK, Routes JMMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdultAged
Aged, 80 and over
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
Female
Granuloma
Humans
Lung Diseases, Interstitial
Male
Middle Aged
Prevalence
Prognosis
Radiography
Retrospective Studies