Impact of diagnosed depression on healthcare costs in adults with and without diabetes: United States, 2004-2011. J Affect Disord 2016 May;195:119-26
Date
02/19/2016Pubmed ID
26890289Pubmed Central ID
PMC4779740DOI
10.1016/j.jad.2016.02.011Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84960892092 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 45 CitationsAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study used the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) to estimate the cost of diabetes, depression, and comorbid diabetes and depression over 8 years.
METHODS: An 8-year pooled dataset was created using the household and medical provider components of MEPS. Medical expenditures were adjusted to a common 2014 dollar value. Analyses used responses of 147,095 individuals ≥18 years of age for the years 2004-2011. The dependent variable in this study was total healthcare expenditure and the primary independent variables were diabetes and depression status. A two-part (probit/GLM) model was used to estimate the annual medical spending and marginal effects were calculated for incremental cost.
RESULTS: In the pooled sample, after adjusting for socio-demographic factors, comorbidities and time trend covariates, the incremental cost of depression only was $2654 (95% CI 2343-2966), diabetes was $2692 (95% CI 2338-3046), and both was $6037 (CI 95% 5243-6830) when compared to patients with none. Based on the unadjusted mean, annual average aggregate cost of depression only was estimated at $238.3 billion, diabetes only $150.1 billion and depression and diabetes together was $77.6 billion.
CONCLUSION: Costs at both the individual and aggregate level are significant, with comorbid diagnoses resulting in higher incremental costs than the sum of the costs for each diagnosis alone. In addition, while the cost of depression increased over time, the cost of diabetes decreased over time, much due to decreased inpatient costs. This study highlights the tremendous cost savings possible through more aggressive screening, diagnosis, and treatment of depression.
Author List
Egede LE, Bishu KG, Walker RJ, Dismuke CEAuthors
Leonard E. Egede MD Center Director, Chief, Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinRebekah Walker PhD Associate Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdolescentAdult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Comorbidity
Cost of Illness
Databases, Factual
Depression
Diabetes Complications
Female
Health Care Costs
Health Expenditures
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Socioeconomic Factors
United States
Young Adult
