Anthocyanins in black raspberries prevent esophageal tumors in rats. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2009 Jan;2(1):84-93
Date
01/14/2009Pubmed ID
19139022Pubmed Central ID
PMC3079338DOI
10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0155Scopus ID
2-s2.0-62349093701 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 177 CitationsAbstract
Diets containing freeze-dried black raspberries (BRB) suppress the development of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA)-induced tumors in the rat esophagus. Using bioassay-directed fractionation, the anthocyanins in BRB were found to be the most active constituents for down-regulation of carcinogen-induced nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 expression in mouse epidermal cells in vitro. The present study was undertaken, therefore, to determine if the anthocyanins contribute to the chemopreventive activity of BRB in vivo. F344 rats consumed diets containing either (a) 5% whole BRB powder, (b) an anthocyanin-rich fraction, (c) an organic solvent-soluble extract (a-c each contained approximately 3.8 micromol anthocyanins/g diet), (d) an organic-insoluble (residue) fraction (containing 0.02 mumol anthocyanins/g diet), (e) a hexane extract, and (f) a sugar fraction (e and f had only trace quantities of anthocyanins), all derived from BRB. Animals were fed diets 2 weeks before treatment with NMBA and throughout the bioassay. Control rats were treated with NMBA only. Animals were killed at week 30, and esophageal tumors were enumerated. The anthocyanin treatments (diet groups a-c) were about equally effective in reducing NMBA tumorigenesis in the esophagus, indicating that the anthocyanins in BRB have chemopreventive potential. The organic-insoluble (residue) fraction (d) was also effective, suggesting that components other than berry anthocyanins may be chemopreventive. The hexane and sugar diets were inactive. Diet groups a, b, and d all inhibited cell proliferation, inflammation, and angiogenesis and induced apoptosis in both preneoplastic and papillomatous esophageal tissues, suggesting similar mechanisms of action by the different berry components.
Author List
Wang LS, Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Yu N, Larue B, Henry C, McIntyre C, Rocha C, Lechner JF, Stoner GDMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnimalsAnthocyanins
Apoptosis
Blotting, Western
Cell Proliferation
Esophageal Neoplasms
Freeze Drying
Fruit
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
Immunohistochemistry
Inflammation
Male
Neovascularization, Pathologic
Phytotherapy
Plant Extracts
Rats
Rats, Inbred F344
Rosaceae
