Updated guidance for palivizumab prophylaxis among infants and young children at increased risk of hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection. Pediatrics 2014 Aug;134(2):e620-38
Date
07/30/2014Pubmed ID
25070304DOI
10.1542/peds.2014-1666Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84905278885 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 130 CitationsAbstract
Guidance from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for the use of palivizumab prophylaxis against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was first published in a policy statement in 1998. Guidance initially was based on the result from a single randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial conducted in 1996-1997 describing an overall reduction in RSV hospitalization rate from 10.6% among placebo recipients to 4.8% among children who received prophylaxis. The results of a second randomized, placebo-controlled trial of children with hemodynamically significant heart disease were published in 2003 and revealed a reduction in RSV hospitalization rate from 9.7% in control subjects to 5.3% among prophylaxis recipients. Because no additional controlled trials regarding efficacy were published, AAP guidance has been updated periodically to reflect the most recent literature regarding children at greatest risk of severe disease. Since the last update in 2012, new data have become available regarding the seasonality of RSV circulation, palivizumab pharmacokinetics, the changing incidence of bronchiolitis hospitalizations, the effects of gestational age and other risk factors on RSV hospitalization rates, the mortality of children hospitalized with RSV infection, and the effect of prophylaxis on wheezing and palivizumab-resistant RSV isolates. These data enable further refinement of AAP guidance to most clearly focus on those children at greatest risk.
Author List
American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, American Academy of Pediatrics Bronchiolitis Guidelines CommitteeAuthor
Rodney E. Willoughby MD Professor in the Pediatrics department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Antibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedAntiviral Agents
Child, Preschool
Comorbidity
Cystic Fibrosis
Down Syndrome
Gestational Age
Hospitalization
Humans
Immunocompromised Host
Indians, North American
Infant
Infant, Premature
Injections, Intramuscular
Neuromuscular Diseases
Palivizumab
Respiratory Sounds
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections
Risk Factors
Seasons