Differential Cytotoxicity Induced by Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles is a Function of Cell Killing and Suppression of Cell Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Mar 03;21(5)
Date
03/07/2020Pubmed ID
32138333Pubmed Central ID
PMC7084189DOI
10.3390/ijms21051731Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85081009860 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 24 CitationsAbstract
The application of nanoparticles (NPs) in industry is on the rise, along with the potential for human exposure. While the toxicity of microscale equivalents has been studied, nanoscale materials exhibit different properties and bodily uptake, which limits the prediction ability of microscale models. Here, we examine the cytotoxicity of seven transition metal oxide NPs in the fourth period of the periodic table of the chemical elements. We hypothesized that NP-mediated cytotoxicity is a function of cell killing and suppression of cell proliferation. To test our hypothesis, transition metal oxide NPs were tested in a human lung cancer cell model (A549). Cells were exposed to a series of concentrations of TiO2, Cr2O3, Mn2O3, Fe2O3, NiO, CuO, or ZnO for either 24 or 48 h. All NPs aside from Cr2O3 and Fe2O3 showed a time- and dose-dependent decrease in viability. All NPs significantly inhibited cellular proliferation. The trend of cytotoxicity was in parallel with that of proliferative inhibition. Toxicity was ranked according to severity of cellular responses, revealing a strong correlation between viability, proliferation, and apoptosis. Cell cycle alteration was observed in the most toxic NPs, which may have contributed to promoting apoptosis and suppressing cell division rate. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that cell killing and cell proliferative inhibition are essential independent variables in NP-mediated cytotoxicity.
Author List
Tolliver LM, Holl NJ, Hou FYS, Lee HJ, Cambre MH, Huang YWAuthor
Fang Yao Stephen Hou PhD, MB(ASCP)QCYM, MLS(ASCPi) Clinical Assistant Professor in the Biomedical Sciences Laboratory Programs department at University of Wisconsin - MilwaukeeMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
A549 CellsApoptosis
Cell Cycle
Cell Proliferation
Cell Survival
Humans
Metal Nanoparticles
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Oxides
Zinc Oxide
