Cutaneous granulomas associated with rubella virus: A clinical review. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024 Jan;90(1):111-121
Date
06/05/2023Pubmed ID
37271455Pubmed Central ID
PMC11887995DOI
10.1016/j.jaad.2023.05.058Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85163829184 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 13 CitationsAbstract
Since the initial identification of vaccine-derived rubella virus (RuV) in the cutaneous granulomas of pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity in 2014, more than 80 cases of RuV granulomas have been reported implicating both vaccine-derived and wild type RuV. Previously thought to arise exclusively in patients with significant immunocompromise, the identification of RuV granulomas in clinically immunocompetent patients adds nuance to our understanding of the interplay between host environment, immune dysregulation, and RuV granuloma formation. This review summarizes the literature on RuV granulomas including clinical and histopathologic features, proposed pathomechanisms supporting granuloma development, and potential therapeutic options. There is no standardized algorithm to guide the workup and diagnosis of suspected RuV granulomas. We highlight the importance of contributing RuV granuloma cases to ongoing Centers for Disease Control and Prevention surveillance efforts to monitor wild type and vaccine-derived RuV transmission. Studies advancing our understanding of RuV granulomas may provide insights into the role of viral infectious agents in granulomatous disease pathogenesis and guide the development of improved therapeutic options.
Author List
Zhang D, Wanat KA, Perelygina L, Rosenbach M, Haun PL, Drolet BA, Shields BEAuthor
Karolyn A. Wanat MD Chair, Professor in the Dermatology department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
ChildGranuloma
Humans
Rubella
Rubella virus
Vaccination
Vaccines
