Differential regulation of gene expression by PITX2 isoforms. J Biol Chem 2002 Jul 12;277(28):25001-10
Date
04/12/2002Pubmed ID
11948188DOI
10.1074/jbc.M201737200Scopus ID
2-s2.0-0037067729 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 142 CitationsAbstract
Three major PITX2 isoforms are differentially expressed in human, mice, zebrafish, chick, and frog tissues. To demonstrate differential regulation of gene expression by these isoforms we used three different promoters and three cell lines. Transient transfection of Chinese hamster ovary, HeLa, and LS-8 cell lines revealed differences in PITX2A and PITX2C activation of the PLOD1 and Dlx2 promoters, however, PITX2B is inactive. In contrast, PITX2B actives the pituitary-specific Prolactin promoter at higher levels than either PITX2A or PITX2C. Interestingly, co-transfection of either PITX2A or PITX2C with PITX2B results in a synergistic activation of the PLOD1 and Dlx2 promoters. Furthermore, PITX2 isoforms have different transcriptional activity dependent upon the cells used for transfection analysis. We have isolated a fourth PITX2 isoform (PITX2D) expressed only in humans, which acts to suppress the transcriptional activity of the other PITX2 isoforms. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments demonstrated that all isoforms interact with PITX2D and that PITX2B forms heterodimeric complexes with PITX2A and PITX2C. Our research provides a molecular basis for differential gene regulation through the expression of PITX2 isoforms. PITX2 isoform activities are both promoter- and cell-specific, and our data reveal new mechanisms for PITX2-regulated gene expression.
Author List
Cox CJ, Espinoza HM, McWilliams B, Chappell K, Morton L, Hjalt TA, Semina EV, Amendt BAAuthor
Elena V. Semina PhD Chief, Professor in the Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnimalsBase Sequence
Cell Line
Cytoskeletal Proteins
DNA
DNA-Binding Proteins
Dimerization
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Homeodomain Proteins
Humans
Nuclear Proteins
Prolactin
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Protein Isoforms
RNA-Binding Proteins
Transcription Factors
Transcription, Genetic
Transfection