Clinical manifestations and treatment of hypopituitarism due to traumatic brain injury. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2025 May;39(3):101996
Date
04/26/2025Pubmed ID
40280796DOI
10.1016/j.beem.2025.101996Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105003557239 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 3 CitationsAbstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a global health problem with rising incidence. In many patients, pituitary hormone deficiencies after TBI are transient; however, in some cases, they can persist or develop in the chronic phase. Post-traumatic hypopituitarism has a variable clinical course, reflecting its complex pathophysiology and incompletely understood risk factors. The diagnosis can be challenging, because symptoms of hypopituitarism may overlap with other TBI manifestations. Confirmatory endocrine testing is often required for diagnosis. Untreated chronic hypopituitarism can adversely affect physical, neurocognitive, and psychosocial rehabilitation; body composition; glucose metabolism; bone metabolism; and quality of life. Screening for hypopituitarism is recommended after moderate or severe TBI and for selected patients with mild TBI and suggestive clinical symptoms. Management requires an individualized multidisciplinary approach and consideration of endocrine pathology. In this review, we discuss the clinical manifestations and current management standards for hypopituitarism in adults with TBI.
Author List
Zhang CD, Ioachimescu AGAuthors
Adriana G. Ioachimescu MD, PhD Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinCatherine Zhang MD Assistant Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Brain Injuries, TraumaticHumans
Hypopituitarism
Quality of Life
