Investigating Key Elements of Peer Support Programs Focused on Recovery and Reentry in Community-Based Organizations: A Qualitative Implementation Science Study. Subst Use Addctn J 2026 Apr;47(2):464-472
Date
11/20/2025Pubmed ID
41261893DOI
10.1177/29767342251380370Scopus ID
2-s2.0-105022297137 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)Abstract
BACKGROUND: Peer support programs are recognized as an evidence-based practice to effectively support individuals in recovery from substance use and reduce recidivism. Peer support is provided by trained individuals with lived experience who guide individuals navigating similar life challenges. Organizations design and structure peer support programs differently; some have developed unique approaches to meet the needs of the individuals they serve. This study provides guidance for implementing peer support programs within community based organizations with a focus on recovery or reentry after incarceration.
METHODS: The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) is part of implementation science which aims to facilitate the uptake of evidence-based strategies into practice. The CFIR was used to guide data collection and analysis. Interviews with 20 individuals were conducted with leaders from 7 community-based organizations that employ peer support specialists. One participant from each organization completed a survey about their organization and provided program-related documents for review. Qualitative data were analyzed via MAXQDA and the CFIR rating system was applied to each construct to determine those that strongly influence implementation.
RESULTS: Key elements to program success include sustainable funding, strong leadership, clear reporting structure, impactful interactions between peer mentor and client, and program flexibility. Challenges identified by organizations included a need to hire additional qualified peer mentors, limited availability of training to certify peer mentors, limited career growth for peer mentors, staff burnout, and establishing clear boundaries with clients.
CONCLUSIONS: Peer support is an effective way to bridge the gap between clients and providers of healthcare, mental health, or behavioral health services. Organizations must be intentional in developing and structuring their peer support programs. The results of this study offer actionable insights for organizations to implement and sustain peer support programs effectively.
Author List
Brown K, Nelson D, Iverson M, Quinn K, Young SAuthors
Kelli Brown MPH, DrPH Assistant Professor in the Institute for Health and Humanity department at Medical College of WisconsinDavid A. Nelson PhD Professor in the Family and Community Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Katherine Quinn PhD Associate Professor in the Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
FemaleHumans
Male
Peer Group
Qualitative Research
Social Support
Substance-Related Disorders
