Outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma in a phase I study of everolimus in combination with lenalidomide. Br J Haematol 2014 Aug;166(3):401-9
Date
04/26/2014Pubmed ID
24761838DOI
10.1111/bjh.12909Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84904063376 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 37 CitationsAbstract
Everolimus, an oral mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, has been studied in multiple myeloma (MM) but lacks significant single agent activity. Based on preclinical studies showing synergistic activity of mTOR inhibitors with lenalidomide, we studied the combination of lenalidomide and everolimus in relapsed or refractory MM in a phase I clinical trial. We assessed patient samples using gene expression, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to probe the mTOR pathway. Twenty-six patients were evaluable for toxicity. Dose-limiting toxicities included grade 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose was lenalidomide 15 mg and everolimus 5 mg for 21 d with a 7 d rest period. Grade 3/4 adverse events included thrombocytopenia (35%) and neutropenia (42%). The overall response rate was 65% (1 complete response + 4 partial response + 10 minimal response). The median progression-free survival was 5·5 months and median overall survival was 29·5 months. Biomarker data demonstrated downregulation of phosphorylated p70S6K. Gene expression profiling suggested activation of mTOR in responders versus non-responders. The combination of lenalidomide and everolimus was well tolerated with predictable toxicities and showed responses in a heavily pretreated population. When confirmed with larger patient numbers, this analysis may guide patient selection for future clinical trials of mTOR inhibition in MM.
Author List
Yee AJ, Hari P, Marcheselli R, Mahindra AK, Cirstea DD, Scullen TA, Burke JN, Rodig SJ, Hideshima T, Laubach JP, Ghobrial IM, Schlossman RL, Munshi NC, Anderson KC, Weller EA, Richardson PG, Raje NSAuthor
Parameswaran Hari MD Adjunct Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdultAged
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols
Everolimus
Female
Gene Expression Profiling
Humans
Immunohistochemistry
Male
Middle Aged
Multiple Myeloma
Recurrence
Sirolimus
Thalidomide
Treatment Outcome