H2O2 generation by bacillus Calmette-Guérin induces the cellular oxidative stress response required for bacillus Calmette-Guérin direct effects on urothelial carcinoma biology. J Urol 2014 Oct;192(4):1238-48
Date
06/15/2014Pubmed ID
24928267Pubmed Central ID
PMC5798233DOI
10.1016/j.juro.2014.05.115Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84921941445 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 22 CitationsAbstract
PURPOSE: Exposure of urothelial carcinoma cells to bacillus Calmette-Guérin affects cellular redox status and tumor cell biology but the mechanism(s) remain unclear. We examined free radical production by bacillus Calmette-Guérin in tumor cells in response to the bacillus using global profiling of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species. The relationship between free radical generation and downstream cellular events was evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using fluorescent probes we performed global profiling of reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species in heat killed and viable bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and in the 253J and T24 urothelial carcinoma cell lines after exposure to the bacillus. Inhibition of bacillus Calmette-Guérin internalization and H2O2 pharmacological scavenging were studied for their effect on cellular reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species generation and various physiological end points.
RESULTS: Viable bacillus Calmette-Guérin produced H2O2 and O2(-) but nitric oxide was not generated. Loss of viability decreased H2O2 production by 50% compared to viable bacillus. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin internalization was necessary for the bacillus to induce reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species generation in urothelial carcinoma cells. Pharmacological H2O2 scavenging reversed reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species mediated signaling in urothelial carcinoma cells. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin dependent alterations in tumor biology, including intracellular signaling, gene expression and cytotoxicity, depended on free radical generation.
CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the importance of free radical generation by bacillus Calmette-Guérin and intracellular generation of cellular oxidative stress on the urothelial carcinoma cell response to the bacillus. Manipulating the cellular oxidative stress induced by bacillus Calmette-Guérin represents a potential target to increase the efficacy of the bacillus.
Author List
Shah G, Zielonka J, Chen F, Zhang G, Cao Y, Kalyanaraman B, See WAuthors
Balaraman Kalyanaraman PhD Professor in the Biophysics department at Medical College of WisconsinJacek M. Zielonka PhD Assistant Professor in the Biophysics department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Adjuvants, ImmunologicBCG Vaccine
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell
Cell Line, Tumor
Humans
Hydrogen Peroxide
Oxidative Stress
Reactive Oxygen Species
Signal Transduction
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms