Faculty Collaboration Database

Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Generation, Translocation, and Reductive Turnover in Biological Systems. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017 Dec;75(3-4):413-419

Date

04/24/2017

Pubmed ID

28434137

Pubmed Central ID

PMC5651211

DOI

10.1007/s12013-017-0799-0

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85018814813 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   30 Citations

Abstract

Cholesterol is like other unsaturated lipids in being susceptible to peroxidative degradation upon exposure to strong oxidants like hydroxyl radical or peroxynitrite generated under conditions of oxidative stress. In the eukaryotic cell plasma membrane, where most of the cellular cholesterol resides, peroxidation leads to membrane structural and functional damage from which pathological states may arise. In low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and phospholipid peroxidation have long been associated with atherogenesis. Among the many intermediates/products of cholesterol oxidation, hydroperoxide species (ChOOHs) have a number of different fates and deserve special attention. These fates include (a) damage-enhancement via iron-catalyzed one-electron reduction, (b) damage containment via two-electron reduction, and (c) inter-membrane, inter-lipoprotein, and membrane-lipoprotein translocation, which allows dissemination of one-electron damage or off-site suppression thereof depending on antioxidant location and capacity. In addition, ChOOHs can serve as reliable and conveniently detected mechanistic reporters of free radical-mediated reactions vs. non-radical (e.g., singlet oxygen)-mediated reactions. Iron-stimulated peroxidation of cholesterol and other lipids underlies a newly discovered form of regulated cell death called ferroptosis. These and other deleterious consequences of radical-mediated lipid peroxidation will be discussed in this review.

Author List

Girotti AW, Korytowski W

Author

Albert W. Girotti PhD Adjunct Professor in the Biochemistry department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Animals
Cholesterol
Glutathione Peroxidase
Lipid Peroxidation
Lipids
Liposomes
Oxidation-Reduction
Signal Transduction