The cost-effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2010 Jun;33(6):1269-74
Date
03/25/2010Pubmed ID
20332354Pubmed Central ID
PMC2875436DOI
10.2337/dc09-2042Scopus ID
2-s2.0-77954833147 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 98 CitationsAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been found to improve glucose control in type 1 diabetic patients. We estimated the cost-effectiveness of CGM versus standard glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This societal cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was conducted in trial populations in which CGM has produced a significant glycemic benefit (A1C >or=7.0% in a cohort of adults aged >or=25 years and A1C <7.0% in a cohort of all ages). Trial data were integrated into a simulation model of type 1 diabetes complications. The main outcome was the cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained.
RESULTS: During the trials, CGM patients experienced an immediate quality-of-life benefit (A1C >or=7.0% cohort: 0.70 quality-adjusted life-weeks [QALWs], P = 0.49; A1C <7.0% cohort: 1.39 QALWs, P = 0.04) and improved glucose control. In the long-term, CEA for the A1C >or=7.0% cohort, CGM was projected to reduce the lifetime probability of microvascular complications; the average gain in QALYs was 0.60. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was $98,679/QALY (95% CI -60,000 [fourth quadrant] to -87,000 [second quadrant]). For the A1C <7.0% cohort, the average gain in QALYs was 1.11. The ICER was $78,943/QALY (15,000 [first quadrant] to -291,000 [second quadrant]). If the benefit of CGM had been limited to the long-term effects of improved glucose control, the ICER would exceed $700,000/QALY. If test strip use had been two per day with CGM long term the ICER for CGM would improve significantly.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term projections indicate that CGM is cost-effective among type 1 diabetic patients at the $100,000/QALY threshold, although considerable uncertainty surrounds these estimates.
Author List
Huang ES, O'Grady M, Basu A, Winn A, John P, Lee J, Meltzer D, Kollman C, Laffel L, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Wysocki T, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study GroupMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdolescentAdult
Blood Glucose
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
Child
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Female
Humans
Male
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Young Adult