Chemotherapeutic-Induced Cardiovascular Dysfunction: Physiological Effects, Early Detection-The Role of Telomerase to Counteract Mitochondrial Defects and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2018 Mar 10;19(3)
Date
03/15/2018Pubmed ID
29534446Pubmed Central ID
PMC5877658DOI
10.3390/ijms19030797Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85044136313 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 27 CitationsAbstract
Although chemotherapeutics can be highly effective at targeting malignancies, their ability to trigger cardiovascular morbidity is clinically significant. Chemotherapy can adversely affect cardiovascular physiology, resulting in the development of cardiomyopathy, heart failure and microvascular defects. Specifically, anthracyclines are known to cause an excessive buildup of free radical species and mitochondrial DNA damage (mtDNA) that can lead to oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular apoptosis. Therefore, oncologists and cardiologists maintain a network of communication when dealing with patients during treatment in order to treat and prevent chemotherapy-induced cardiovascular damage; however, there is a need to discover more accurate biomarkers and therapeutics to combat and predict the onset of cardiovascular side effects. Telomerase, originally discovered to promote cellular proliferation, has recently emerged as a potential mechanism to counteract mitochondrial defects and restore healthy mitochondrial vascular phenotypes. This review details mechanisms currently used to assess cardiovascular damage, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and troponin levels, while also unearthing recently researched biomarkers, including circulating mtDNA, telomere length and telomerase activity. Further, we explore a potential role of telomerase in the mitigation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and maintenance of mtDNA integrity. Telomerase activity presents a promising indicator for the early detection and treatment of chemotherapy-derived cardiac damage.
Author List
Quryshi N, Norwood Toro LE, Ait-Aissa K, Kong A, Beyer AMAuthors
Andreas M. Beyer PhD Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinAmanda L. Kong MS, MD Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnimalsAntineoplastic Agents
Biomarkers
Cardiotoxicity
Cardiovascular Diseases
Humans
Mitochondria, Heart
Oxidative Stress
Telomerase
