Cost-effectiveness of Initiating an Insulin Pump in T1D Adults Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring Compared with Multiple Daily Insulin Injections: The DIAMOND Randomized Trial. Med Decis Making 2018 Nov;38(8):942-953
Date
11/08/2018Pubmed ID
30403576Pubmed Central ID
PMC6226055DOI
10.1177/0272989X18803109Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85056287205 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 11 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: The economic impact of both continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pumps (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been evaluated separately. However, the cost-effectiveness of adding CSII to existing CGM users has not yet been assessed.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the societal cost-effectiveness of CSII versus continuing multiple daily injections (MDI) in adults with T1D already using CGM.
METHODS: In the second phase of the DIAMOND trial, 75 adults using CGM were randomized to either CGM+CSII or CGM+MDI (control) and surveyed at baseline and 28 weeks. We performed within-trial and lifetime cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) and estimated lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) via a modified Sheffield T1D model.
RESULTS: Within the trial, the CGM+CSII group had a significant reduction in quality of life from baseline (-0.02 ± 0.05 difference in difference [DiD]) compared with controls. Total per-person 28-week costs were $8,272 (CGM+CSII) versus $5,623 (CGM+MDI); the difference in costs was primarily attributable to pump use ($2,644). Pump users reduced insulin intake (-12.8 units DiD) but increased the use of daily number of test strips (+1.2 DiD). Pump users also increased time with glucose in range of 70 to 180 mg/dL but had a higher HbA1c (+0.13 DiD) and more nonsevere hypoglycemic events. In the lifetime CEA, CGM+CSII would increase total costs by $112,045 DiD, decrease QALYs by 0.71, and decrease life expectancy by 0.48 years.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on this single trial, initiating an insulin pump in adults with T1D already using CGM was associated with higher costs and reduced quality of life. Additional evidence regarding the clinical effects of adopting combinations of new technologies from trials and real-world populations is needed to confirm these findings.
Author List
Wan W, Skandari MR, Minc A, Nathan AG, Zarei P, Winn AN, O'Grady M, Huang ESMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdultAged
Blood Glucose
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring
Cost-Benefit Analysis
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
Female
Humans
Insulin
Insulin Infusion Systems
Male
Middle Aged
Patient Acceptance of Health Care
Quality of Life
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
United States