Tyrosine nitration, dimerization, and hydroxylation by peroxynitrite in membranes as studied by the hydrophobic probe N-t-BOC-l-tyrosine tert-butyl ester. Methods Enzymol 2008;441:217-36
Date
06/17/2008Pubmed ID
18554537DOI
10.1016/S0076-6879(08)01212-3Scopus ID
2-s2.0-52049125425 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 14 CitationsAbstract
Protein tyrosine oxidation mechanisms in hydrophobic biocompartments (i.e., biomembranes, lipoproteins) leading to nitrated, dimerized, and hydroxylated products are just starting to be appreciated. This chapter reports on the use of the hydrophobic tyrosine analog N-t-BOC-l-tyrosine tert-butyl ester (BTBE) incorporated to phosphatidyl choline liposomes to study peroxynitrite-dependent tyrosine oxidation processes in model biomembranes. The probe proved to be valuable in defining the role of biologically relevant variables in the oxidation process, including the action of hydrophilic and hydrophobic peroxynitrite and peroxynitrite-derived free radical scavengers, transition metal catalysts, carbon dioxide, molecular oxygen, pH, and fatty acid unsaturation degree. Moreover, detection of the BTBE phenoxyl radical and relative product distribution yields of 3-nitro-, 3,3'-di-, and 3-hydroxy-BTBE in the membrane fully accommodate with a free radical mechanism of tyrosine oxidation, with physical chemical and biochemical determinants that in several respects differ of those participating in aqueous environments. The methods presented herein can be extended to explore the reaction mechanisms of tyrosine oxidation by other biologically relevant oxidants and in other hydrophobic biocompartments.
Author List
Bartesaghi S, Peluffo G, Zhang H, Joseph J, Kalyanaraman B, Radi RAuthor
Balaraman Kalyanaraman PhD Professor in the Biophysics department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
DimerizationElectron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
Humans
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Hydroxylation
Liposomes
Models, Biological
Molecular Probe Techniques
Molecular Probes
Nitrates
Peroxynitrous Acid
Proteins
Spin Trapping
Tyrosine