Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial. Hypertension 2008 Nov;52(5):847-55
Date
10/01/2008Pubmed ID
18824662Pubmed Central ID
PMC2791957DOI
10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.114991Scopus ID
2-s2.0-55949102601 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 228 CitationsAbstract
Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplements may lower blood pressure. We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Trial randomly assigned 36 282 postmenopausal women to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Change in blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension were ascertained. Over a median follow-up time of 7 years, there was no significant difference in the mean change over time in systolic blood pressure (0.22 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.49 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.11 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.27 mm Hg) between the active and placebo treatment groups. This null result was robust in analyses accounting for nonadherence to study pills and in baseline subgroups of interest, including black subjects and women with hypertension or high levels of blood pressure, with low intakes of calcium and vitamin D or low serum levels of vitamin D. In 17 122 nonhypertensive participants at baseline, the hazard ratio for incident hypertension associated with calcium/vitamin D treatment was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.06.) In postmenopausal women, calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce either blood pressure or the risk of developing hypertension over 7 years of follow-up.
Author List
Margolis KL, Ray RM, Van Horn L, Manson JE, Allison MA, Black HR, Beresford SA, Connelly SA, Curb JD, Grimm RH Jr, Kotchen TA, Kuller LH, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Thomson CA, Torner JC, Women's Health Initiative InvestigatorsMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AgedBlood Pressure
Calcium
Dietary Supplements
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Hypertension
Incidence
Longitudinal Studies
Middle Aged
Patient Compliance
Risk Factors
Vitamin D