Requirement of cyclooxygenase-2 expression and prostaglandins for human prostate cancer cell invasion. Clin Exp Metastasis 2002;19(7):593-601
Date
12/25/2002Pubmed ID
12498388DOI
10.1023/a:1020915914376Scopus ID
2-s2.0-0036459201 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 67 CitationsAbstract
The PC-3 Low Invasive cells and the PC-3 High Invasive cells were used to investigate the correlation of the COX-2 expression and its arachidonic acid metabolites, prostaglandins, with their invasiveness through Matrigel using a Boyden chamber assay. The COX-2 expression in PC-3 High Invasive cells was approximately 3-fold higher than in PC-3 Low Invasive cells while the COX-1 expression was similar in both cell sublines. When incubated with arachidonic acid, PGE2 was the major prostaglandin produced by these cells. PC-3 High Invasive cells produced PGE2 approximately 2.5-fold higher than PC-3 Low Invasive cells. PGD2 was the second most abundant prostaglandin produced by these cells. Both indomethacin (a nonspecific COX inhibitor) and NS-398 (a specific COX-2 inhibitor) inhibited the production of prostaglandins and the cell invasion. PGE2 alone did not induce the cell invasion of PC-3 Low Invasive cells. However, PGE2 reversed the inhibition of cell invasion by NS-398 and enhanced the cell invasion of the PC-3 High Invasive cells. In contrast, PGD2 slightly inhibited the cell invasion. These results suggest that in the PC-3 Low Invasive cells, COX-2-derived PGE2 may not be sufficient to induce cell invasion while in the PC-3 High Invasive cells, PGE2 may be sufficient to act as an enhancer for the cell invasion. Further, PGD2 may represent a weak inhibitor and counteracts the effect of PGE2 in the cell invasion.
Author List
Nithipatikom K, Isbell MA, Lindholm PF, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Kaul S, Campell WBMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alphaAdenocarcinoma
Arachidonic Acid
Cyclooxygenase 1
Cyclooxygenase 2
Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors
Dinoprost
Dinoprostone
Humans
Indomethacin
Isoenzymes
Male
Membrane Proteins
Neoplasm Invasiveness
Nitrobenzenes
Prostaglandin D2
Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases
Prostaglandins
Prostatic Neoplasms
Sulfonamides
Tumor Cells, Cultured
