Rates and patterns of recurrence after curative intent resection for gallbladder cancer: a multi-institution analysis from the US Extra-hepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium. HPB (Oxford) 2016 Nov;18(11):872-878
Date
08/17/2016Pubmed ID
27527802Pubmed Central ID
PMC5094487DOI
10.1016/j.hpb.2016.05.016Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84992732370 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 64 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Gallbladder cancer is a relatively rare malignancy. The current study aimed to define the incidence and patterns of recurrence following gallbladder cancer resection.
METHODS: Using a multi-institutional cohort we identified 217 patient undergoing curative intent surgery for gallbladder cancer. Patterns of recurrence were classified as locoregional and distant recurrence.
RESULTS: At last follow-up, 76 patients (35.0%) had experienced a recurrence (locoregional only, n = 12, 15.8%; distant only, n = 50, 65.8%; locoregional and distant, n = 14, 18.4%). Median time to recurrence was 9.5 months (IQR 4.7-17.6) and was not associated with recurrence site (all p > 0.05). On multivariable analysis, T3 disease (HR = 8.44, p = 0.014), lymphovascular invasion (HR = 4.24, p < 0.001) and residual disease (HR = 2.04, p = 0.042) were associated with an increased risk of recurrence. Patients who recurred demonstrated a worse 1-, 3- and 5-year OS (1-year OS: 91.3% vs. 68.6%, p = 0.001, 3-year OS: 79.3% vs. 28.7%, p < 0.001, and 5-year OS: 75.9% vs. 16.0%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for other risk factors, recurrence was independently associated with a decreased OS (HR = 3.71, p = 0.006). Of note, receipt of adjuvant therapy was associated with improved OS (HR = 0.56, p = 0.027) among those patients who developed a tumor recurrence.
DISCUSSION: Over one-third of patients experienced a recurrence after gallbladder cancer surgery. While chemotherapy did not decrease the rate of recurrence, patients who experienced recurrence after administration of adjuvant treatment faired better than patients who did not receive adjuvant therapy.
Author List
Margonis GA, Gani F, Buettner S, Amini N, Sasaki K, Andreatos N, Ethun CG, Poultsides G, Tran T, Idrees K, Isom CA, Fields RC, Krasnick B, Weber SM, Salem A, Martin RC, Scoggins C, Shen P, Mogal HD, Schmidt C, Beal E, Hatzaras I, Shenoy R, Maithel SK, Pawlik TMMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AgedChemotherapy, Adjuvant
Chi-Square Distribution
Cholecystectomy
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Gallbladder Neoplasms
Humans
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Lymphatic Metastasis
Male
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Neoplasm, Residual
Proportional Hazards Models
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
United States