tRNA-derived RNA fragments in cancer: current status and future perspectives. J Hematol Oncol 2020 09 04;13(1):121
Date
09/06/2020Pubmed ID
32887641Pubmed Central ID
PMC7487644DOI
10.1186/s13045-020-00955-6Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85090505373 13 CitationsAbstract
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been the focus of many studies over the last few decades, and their fundamental roles in human diseases have been well established. Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are housekeeping ncRNAs that deliver amino acids to ribosomes during protein biosynthesis. tRNA fragments (tRFs) are a novel class of small ncRNAs produced through enzymatic cleavage of tRNAs and have been shown to play key regulatory roles similar to microRNAs. Development and application of high-throughput sequencing technologies has provided accumulating evidence of dysregulated tRFs in cancer. Aberrant expression of tRFs has been found to participate in cell proliferation, invasive metastasis, and progression in several human malignancies. These newly identified functional tRFs also have great potential as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. In this review, we focus on the major biological functions of tRFs including RNA silencing, translation regulation, and epigenetic regulation; summarize recent research on the roles of tRFs in different types of cancer; and discuss the potential of using tRFs as clinical biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and as therapeutic targets for cancer treatment.
Author List
Yu M, Lu B, Zhang J, Ding J, Liu P, Lu YAuthor
Pengyuan Liu PhD Adjunct Professor in the Physiology department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnticodonBiomarkers, Tumor
Early Detection of Cancer
Epigenesis, Genetic
Forecasting
Gene Silencing
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Humans
Neoplasms
Oligonucleotides, Antisense
Prognosis
Protein Biosynthesis
RNA Precursors
RNA, Neoplasm
RNA, Transfer
RNA, Untranslated
