Defining the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of X-linked MSL3-related disorder. Genet Med 2021 Feb;23(2):384-395
Date
11/12/2020Pubmed ID
33173220Pubmed Central ID
PMC7862064DOI
10.1038/s41436-020-00993-yScopus ID
2-s2.0-85095780736 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 5 CitationsAbstract
PURPOSE: We sought to delineate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of female and male individuals with X-linked, MSL3-related disorder (Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome).
METHODS: Twenty-five individuals (15 males, 10 females) with causative variants in MSL3 were ascertained through exome or genome sequencing at ten different sequencing centers.
RESULTS: We identified multiple variant types in MSL3 (ten nonsense, six frameshift, four splice site, three missense, one in-frame-deletion, one multi-exon deletion), most proven to be de novo, and clustering in the terminal eight exons suggesting that truncating variants in the first five exons might be compensated by an alternative MSL3 transcript. Three-dimensional modeling of missense and splice variants indicated that these have a deleterious effect. The main clinical findings comprised developmental delay and intellectual disability ranging from mild to severe. Autism spectrum disorder, muscle tone abnormalities, and macrocephaly were common as well as hearing impairment and gastrointestinal problems. Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis emerged as a consistent magnetic resonance image (MRI) finding. Females and males were equally affected. Using facial analysis technology, a recognizable facial gestalt was determined.
CONCLUSION: Our aggregated data illustrate the genotypic and phenotypic spectrum of X-linked, MSL3-related disorder (Basilicata-Akhtar syndrome). Our cohort improves the understanding of disease related morbidity and allows us to propose detailed surveillance guidelines for affected individuals.
Author List
Brunet T, McWalter K, Mayerhanser K, Anbouba GM, Armstrong-Javors A, Bader I, Baugh E, Begtrup A, Bupp CP, Callewaert BL, Cereda A, Cousin MA, Del Rey Jimenez JC, Demmer L, Dsouza NR, Fleischer N, Gavrilova RH, Ghate S, Graf E, Green A, Green SR, Iascone M, Kdissa A, Klee D, Klee EW, Lancaster E, Lindstrom K, Mayr JA, McEntagart M, Meeks NJL, Mittag D, Moore H, Olsen AK, Ortiz D, Parsons G, Pena LDM, Person RE, Punj S, Ramos-Rivera GA, Sacoto MJG, Bradley Schaefer G, Schnur RE, Scott TM, Scott DA, Serbinski CR, Shashi V, Siu VM, Stadheim BF, Sullivan JA, Švantnerová J, Velsher L, Wargowski DS, Wentzensen IM, Wieczorek D, Winkelmann J, Yap P, Zech M, Zimmermann MT, Meitinger T, Distelmaier F, Wagner MAuthor
Michael T. Zimmermann PhD Director, Assistant Professor in the Clinical and Translational Science Institute department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Autism Spectrum DisorderChromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
DNA-Binding Proteins
Female
Genes, X-Linked
Genotype
Humans
Intellectual Disability
Male
Phenotype