Compartment syndrome performance improvement project is associated with increased combat casualty survival. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2013 Jan;74(1):259-63
Date
11/14/2012Pubmed ID
23147175DOI
10.1097/TA.0b013e31826fc71cScopus ID
2-s2.0-84872058581 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 29 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: In 2008, we showed that incomplete or delayed extremity fasciotomies were associated with mortality and muscle necrosis in war casualties with limb injury. Subsequently, we developed an education program focused on surgeon knowledge gaps regarding the diagnosis of compartment syndrome and prophylactic fasciotomy. The program included educational alerts, classroom training, video instruction, and a research publication. We compared casualty data before and after the program implementation to determine whether the education altered outcomes.
METHODS: Similar to the previous study, a case series was made from combat casualty medical records. Casualties were US military servicemen with fasciotomies performed in Iraq, Afghanistan, or Germany between two periods (periods 1 and 2).
RESULTS: In both periods, casualty demographics were similar. Most fasciotomies were performed to the lower leg and forearm. Period 1 had 336 casualties with 643 fasciotomies, whereas Period 2 had 268 casualties with 1,221 fasciotomies (1.9 vs. 4.6 fasciotomies per casualty, respectively; p < 0.0001). The mortality rate decreased in Period 2 (3%, 8 of 268 casualties) from Period 1 (8%, 26 of 336 casualties; p = 0.0125). Muscle excision and major amputation rates were similar in both periods (p > 0.05). Rates of casualties with revision fasciotomy decreased to 8% in Period 2, (22 of 268 casualties) versus 15% in Period 1 (51 of 336 casualties; p = 0.009).
CONCLUSION: Combat casualty care following implementation of a fasciotomy education program was associated with improved survival, higher fasciotomy rates, and fewer revisions. Because delayed fasciotomy rates were unchanged, further effort to educate providers may be indicated.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level IV.
Author List
Kragh JF Jr, San Antonio J, Simmons JW, Mace JE, Stinner DJ, White CE, Fang R, Aden JK, Hsu JR, Eastridge BJ, Jenkins DH, Ritchie JD, Hardin MO, Ritenour AE, Wade CE, Blackbourne LHAuthor
James E. Mace MD Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdolescentAfghan Campaign 2001-
Compartment Syndromes
Extremities
Fasciotomy
Humans
Iraq War, 2003-2011
Quality Improvement
Reoperation
Survival Rate
United States
Young Adult
