Posttransplant cyclophosphamide is associated with increased cytomegalovirus infection: a CIBMTR analysis. Blood 2021 Jun 10;137(23):3291-3305
Date
03/04/2021Pubmed ID
33657221Pubmed Central ID
PMC8351903DOI
10.1182/blood.2020009362Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85105959173 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 86 CitationsAbstract
Prior studies suggest increased cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after haploidentical donor transplantation with posttransplant cyclophosphamide (HaploCy). The role of allograft source and posttransplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in CMV infection is unclear. We analyzed the effect of graft source and PTCy on incidence of CMV infection, and effects of serostatus and CMV infection on transplant outcomes. We examined patients reported to the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplantation Research between 2012 and 2017 who had received HaploCy (n = 757), matched related (Sib) with PTCy (SibCy, n = 403), or Sib with calcineurin inhibitor-based prophylaxis (SibCNI, n = 1605). Cumulative incidences of CMV infection by day 180 were 42%, 37%, and 23%, respectively (P < .001). CMV disease was statistically comparable. CMV infection risk was highest for CMV-seropositive recipients (R+), but significantly higher in PTCy recipients regardless of donor (HaploCy [n = 545]: hazard ratio [HR], 50.3; SibCy [n = 279]: HR, 47.7; SibCNI [n = 1065]: HR, 24.4; P < .001). D+/R- patients also had increased risk for CMV infection. Among R+ or those developing CMV infection, HaploCy had worse overall survival and nonrelapse mortality. Relapse was unaffected by CMV infection or serostatus. PTCy was associated with lower chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) overall, but CMV infection in PTCy recipients was associated with higher chronic GVHD (P = .006). PTCy, regardless of donor, is associated with higher incidence of CMV infection, augmenting the risk of seropositivity. Additionally, CMV infection may negate the chronic GVHD protection of PTCy. This study supports aggressive prevention strategies in all receiving PTCy.
Author List
Goldsmith SR, Abid MB, Auletta JJ, Bashey A, Beitinjaneh A, Castillo P, Chemaly RF, Chen M, Ciurea S, Dandoy CE, Díaz MÁ, Fuchs E, Ganguly S, Kanakry CG, Kanakry JA, Kim S, Komanduri KV, Krem MM, Lazarus HM, Liu H, Ljungman P, Masiarz R, Mulroney C, Nathan S, Nishihori T, Page KM, Perales MA, Taplitz R, Romee R, Riches MAuthors
Soyoung Kim PhD Associate Professor in the Institute for Health and Equity department at Medical College of WisconsinKristin Page MD, MHS, MEd Associate Professor in the Pediatrics department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdolescentAdult
Aged
Allografts
Child
Child, Preschool
Chronic Disease
Cyclophosphamide
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Disease-Free Survival
Female
Graft vs Host Disease
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Humans
Incidence
Male
Middle Aged
Survival Rate
