Faculty Collaboration Database

Allogeneic Transplantation to Treat Therapy-Related Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in Adults. Transplant Cell Ther 2021 Nov;27(11):923.e1-923.e12

Date

08/25/2021

Pubmed ID

34428556

Pubmed Central ID

PMC9064046

DOI

10.1016/j.jtct.2021.08.010

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85121156177 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   17 Citations

Abstract

Patients who develop therapy-related myeloid neoplasm, either myelodysplastic syndrome (t-MDS) or acute myelogenous leukemia (t-AML), have a poor prognosis. An earlier Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) analysis of 868 allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantations (allo-HCTs) performed between 1990 and 2004 showed a 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of 22% and 21%, respectively. Modern supportive care, graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis, and reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimens have led to improved outcomes. Therefore, the CIBMTR analyzed 1531 allo-HCTs performed in adults with t-MDS (n = 759) or t-AML (n = 772) between and 2000 and 2014. The median age was 59 years (range, 18 to 74 years) for the patients with t-MDS and 52 years (range, 18 to 77 years) for those with t-AML. Twenty-four percent of patients with t-MDS and 11% of those with t-AML had undergone a previous autologous (auto-) HCT. A myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen was used in 49% of patients with t-MDS and 61% of patients with t-AML. Nonrelapse mortality at 5 years was 34% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30% to 37%) for patients with t-MDS and 34% (95% CI, 30% to 37%) for those with t-AML. Relapse rates at 5 years in the 2 groups were 46% (95% CI, 43% to 50%) and 43% (95% CI, 40% to 47%). Five-year OS and DFS were 27% (95% CI, 23% to 31%) and 19% (95% CI, 16% to 23%), respectively, for patients with t-MDS and 25% (95% CI, 22% to 28%) and 23% (95% CI, 20% to 26%), respectively, for those with t-AML. In multivariate analysis, OS and DFS were significantly better in young patients with low-risk t-MDS and those with t-AML undergoing HCT with MAC while in first complete remission, but worse for those with previous auto-HCT, higher-risk cytogenetics or Revised International Prognostic Scoring System score, and a partially matched unrelated donor. Relapse remains the major cause of treatment failure, with little improvement seen over the past 2 decades. These data mandate caution when recommending allo-HCT in these conditions and indicate the need for more effective antineoplastic approaches before and after allo-HCT.

Author List

Metheny L, Callander NS, Hall AC, Zhang MJ, Bo-Subait K, Wang HL, Agrawal V, Al-Homsi AS, Assal A, Bacher U, Beitinjaneh A, Bejanyan N, Bhatt VR, Bredeson C, Byrne M, Cairo M, Cerny J, DeFilipp Z, Perez MAD, Freytes CO, Ganguly S, Grunwald MR, Hashmi S, Hildebrandt GC, Inamoto Y, Kanakry CG, Kharfan-Dabaja MA, Lazarus HM, Lee JW, Nathan S, Nishihori T, Olsson RF, Ringdén O, Rizzieri D, Savani BN, Savoie ML, Seo S, van der Poel M, Verdonck LF, Wagner JL, Yared JA, Hourigan CS, Kebriaei P, Litzow M, Sandmaier BM, Saber W, Weisdorf D, de Lima M

Authors

Wael Saber MD, MS Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Mei-Jie Zhang PhD Professor in the Institute for Health and Equity department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Humans
Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
Middle Aged
Myelodysplastic Syndromes
Retrospective Studies
Transplantation Conditioning
Transplantation, Homologous