Faculty Collaboration Database

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia and acquired alpha-2-plasmin inhibitor deficiency: a retrospective look at the use of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (Amicar) in 30 patients. Hematol Oncol 2008 Dec;26(4):241-6

Date

07/10/2008

Pubmed ID

18613223

Pubmed Central ID

PMC3496178

DOI

10.1002/hon.867

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-58949088137 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   21 Citations

Abstract

Bleeding diathesis and a hyper-fibrinolytic state often accompany a diagnosis of Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia (APML). This complication can have grave effects if not successfully treated, with a 10-20% incidence of haemorrhagic death. We hypothesized that alpha-2-antiplasmin levels would correlate with the risk for bleeding, and that administration of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) would attenuate that risk. To assess this, we conducted a retrospective chart review analyzing 30 APML patients, 17 of whom were treated with EACA. Thirty patients were treated, 21 with primary induction therapy. Patients with low alpha-2-antiplasmin levels were treated with a coagulopathy protocol consisting of low-dose heparin, EACA and blood product support. Seventeen patients (57%) developed haemorrhagic complications during their treatment. The presence and grade of haemorrhage appeared to be associated with the alpha-2-antiplasmin level. There were no grade IV haemorrhages or episodes of haemorrhagic death. One episode of central venous catheter associated thromboembolism and three deaths from infection during chemotherapy were observed. alpha-2-Antiplasmin levels are a reliable surrogate for fibrinolysis and haemorrhagic risk in patients with APML. Treatment with EACA is a rational way to pharmacologically inhibit fibrinolysis, is associated with a low incidence of severe haemorrhagic events, and appears to be safe with a low risk of thrombosis. Randomized clinical trials further assessing the efficacy and potential toxicity of EACA in inhibiting fibrinolysis in patients with APML are needed.

Author List

Wassenaar T, Black J, Kahl B, Schwartz B, Longo W, Mosher D, Williams E

Author

Walter L. Longo MD Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Aminocaproic Acid
Antifibrinolytic Agents
Drug Therapy, Combination
Female
Hemorrhage
Heparin
Humans
Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute
Male
Middle Aged
Retrospective Studies
alpha-2-Antiplasmin