Gene expression profiling for metastatic risk in head and neck cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2022 Feb;7(1):135-144
Date
02/15/2022Pubmed ID
35155791Pubmed Central ID
PMC8823155DOI
10.1002/lio2.724Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85122324177 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 5 CitationsAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Over 50% of newly diagnosed cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) lesions occur in the head and neck (cSCC-HN), and metastasis to nodal basins in this region further complicates surgical and adjuvant treatment. The current study addressed whether the 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test can predict metastatic risk in cSCC-HN with improved accuracy and provide independent prognostic value to complement current risk assessment methods.
STUDY DESIGN: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study.
METHODS: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded primary tumor tissue and associated clinical data from patients with cSCC-HN (n = 278) were collected from 33 independent centers. Samples were analyzed via the 40-GEP test. Cases were staged per American Joint Committee on Cancer, Eighth Edition (AJCC8) and Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) criteria after comprehensive medical record and pathology report review. Metastasis-free survival (MFS) rates were determined, and risk factors were analyzed via Cox regression.
RESULTS: The 40-GEP test classified the cohort into low (Class 1, n = 126; 45.3%), moderate (Class 2A, n = 134; 48.2%), and high (Class 2B, n = 18; 6.5%) metastatic risk at 3 years postdiagnosis. Regional/distant metastasis occurred in 54 patients (19.4%). MFS rates were 92.1% (Class 1), 76.1% (Class 2A), and 44.4% (Class 2B; p < .0001). Multivariate analysis of 40-GEP results with AJCC8 or BWH tumor stage, or clinicopathologic risk factors, demonstrated independent prognostic value of the 40-GEP test (p < .03). Accuracy of predicting metastatic risk was also improved using 40-GEP classification (p < .02).
CONCLUSIONS: Improved metastatic risk stratification through the 40-GEP test could complement cSCC-HN risk assessment for better-informed decision-making for treatment and surveillance and ultimately improve patient outcomes.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.
