Lisocabtagene maraleucel as second-line therapy in adults with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma who were not intended for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (PILOT): an open-label, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2022 Aug;23(8):1066-1077
Date
07/16/2022Pubmed ID
35839786DOI
10.1016/S1470-2045(22)00339-4Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85135232164 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 67 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Patients with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma after first-line treatment who are not intended for haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) have poor outcomes and limited treatment options. We assessed the antitumour activity and safety of lisocabtagene maraleucel, an autologous, CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell product, as second-line treatment in adults with relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma not intended for HSCT.
METHODS: PILOT, an open-label, phase 2 trial done at 18 clinical sites in the USA, included adults aged 18 years or older who had relapsed or refractory large B-cell lymphoma and PET-positive disease, had received first-line therapy containing an anthracycline and a CD20-targeted agent, were not intended for HSCT by their physician, and met at least one prespecified transplantation not intended criterion. Patients received lymphodepleting chemotherapy (intravenous fludarabine 30 mg/m2 and intravenous cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 daily for 3 days) followed 2-7 days later by two sequential lisocabtagene maraleucel infusions (equal target doses of CD8+ and CD4+ CAR+ T cells for a total target dose of 100 × 106 CAR+ T cells). The primary endpoint was the overall response rate and was assessed in all patients who received lisocabtagene maraleucel and had confirmed PET-positive disease before lisocabtagene maraleucel administration based on an independent review committee according to the Lugano 2014 criteria. Safety was assessed in all patients who received lisocabtagene maraleucel. Patient follow-up is ongoing. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03483103.
FINDINGS: Between July 26, 2018, and Sept 24, 2021 (data cutoff for the primary analysis), 74 patients underwent leukapheresis and 61 received lisocabtagene maraleucel (efficacy and safety sets); median age was 74 years (IQR 70-78), 24 (39%) patients were women versus 37 (61%) men, and 54 (89%) patients were White. 16 (26%) of 61 patients had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2, 33 (54%) had refractory disease, 13 (21%) relapsed within 1 year of first-line therapy, and 15 (25%) relapsed after 12 months of first-line therapy. Median on-study follow-up was 12·3 months (IQR 6·1-18·0). 49 (80% [95% CI 68-89]; p<0·0001) patients had an overall response. The most common grade 3 or worse treatment-emergent adverse events were neutropenia (29 [48%] patients), leukopenia (13 [21%]), and thrombocytopenia (12 [20%]). Lisocabtagene maraleucel-related serious treatment-emergent adverse events were reported in 13 (21%) patients. There were no treatment-related deaths. Cytokine release syndrome occurred in 23 (38%; grade 3 in one) patients and neurological events in 19 (31%; grade 3 in three) patients, with no grade 4 events or deaths.
INTERPRETATION: These results support lisocabtagene maraleucel as a potential second-line treatment in patients with large B-cell lymphoma for whom HSCT is not intended.
FUNDING: Juno Therapeutics, a Bristol-Myers Squibb company.
Author List
Sehgal A, Hoda D, Riedell PA, Ghosh N, Hamadani M, Hildebrandt GC, Godwin JE, Reagan PM, Wagner-Johnston N, Essell J, Nath R, Solomon SR, Champion R, Licitra E, Fanning S, Gupta N, Dubowy R, D'Andrea A, Wang L, Ogasawara K, Thorpe J, Gordon LIAuthor
Mehdi H. Hamadani MD Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdultAged
Antigens, CD19
Female
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Humans
Lymphoma, Follicular
Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse
Male
Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
Thrombocytopenia
