Faculty Collaboration Database

Correlation Between Postoperative Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Use and Surgical Site Infection in Children Undergoing Nonemergent Surgery. JAMA Surg 2022 Dec 01;157(12):1142-1151

Date

10/20/2022

Pubmed ID

36260310

Pubmed Central ID

PMC9582965

DOI

10.1001/jamasurg.2022.4729

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85141663544 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   3 Citations

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Use of postoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis is common in pediatric surgery despite consensus guidelines recommending discontinuation following incision closure. The association between postoperative prophylaxis use and surgical site infection (SSI) in children undergoing surgical procedures remains poorly characterized.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether use of postoperative surgical prophylaxis is correlated with SSI rates in children undergoing nonemergent surgery.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This is a multicenter cohort study using 30-day postoperative SSI data from the American College of Surgeons' Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP-Pediatric) augmented with antibiotic-use data obtained through supplemental medical record review from June 2019 to June 2021. This study took place at 93 hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP-Pediatric Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Stewardship Collaborative. Participants were children (<18 years of age) undergoing nonemergent surgical procedures. Exclusion criteria included antibiotic allergies, conditions associated with impaired immune function, and preexisting infections requiring intravenous antibiotics at time of surgery.

EXPOSURES: Continuation of antimicrobial prophylaxis beyond time of incision closure.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Thirty-day postoperative rate of incisional or organ space SSI. Hierarchical regression was used to estimate hospital-level odds ratios (ORs) for SSI rates and postoperative prophylaxis use. SSI measures were adjusted for differences in procedure mix, patient characteristics, and comorbidity profiles, while use measures were adjusted for clinically related procedure groups. Pearson correlations were used to examine the associations between hospital-level postoperative prophylaxis use and SSI measures.

RESULTS: Forty thousand six hundred eleven patients (47.3% female; median age, 7 years) were included, of which 41.6% received postoperative prophylaxis (hospital range, 0%-71.2%). Odds ratios (ORs) for postoperative prophylaxis use ranged 190-fold across hospitals (OR, 0.10-19.30) and ORs for SSI rates ranged 4-fold (OR, 0.55-1.90). No correlation was found between use of postoperative prophylaxis and SSI rates overall (r = 0.13; P = .20), and when stratified by SSI type (incisional SSI, r = 0.08; P = .43 and organ space SSI, r = 0.13; P = .23), and surgical specialty (general surgery, r = 0.02; P = .83; urology, r = 0.05; P = .64; plastic surgery, r = 0.11; P = .35; otolaryngology, r = -0.13; P = .25; orthopedic surgery, r = 0.05; P = .61; and neurosurgery, r = 0.02; P = .85).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Use of postoperative surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis was not correlated with SSI rates at the hospital level after adjusting for differences in procedure mix and patient characteristics.

Author List

He K, Nayak RB, Allori AC, Brighton BK, Cina RA, Ellison JS, Goretsky MJ, Jatana KR, Proctor MR, Grant C, Thompson VM, Iwaniuk M, Cohen ME, Saito JM, Hall BL, Newland JG, Ko CY, Rangel SJ

Author

Jonathan Scott Ellison MD Associate Professor in the Urologic Surgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Anti-Bacterial Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Child
Cohort Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Surgical Wound Infection