Faculty Collaboration Database

Effect of age and loading rate on human cervical spine injury threshold. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998 Sep 15;23(18):1957-62

Date

10/21/1998

Pubmed ID

9779527

DOI

10.1097/00007632-199809150-00007

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-0032530936 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   108 Citations

Abstract

STUDY DESIGN: Statistical analysis of human cadaver cervical spine compression experiments.

OBJECTIVES: To quantify the cervical spine compressive injury threshold as a function of the person's age, gender, and external loading rate.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Results of epidemiologic studies have indicated that most survivors of cervical spinal cord injury have spinal column fractures and dislocations that result from a compression or compression-flexion force vector. Cervical spinal column injury thresholds are dependent on many factors. Delineation of the injury thresholds according to age, gender, and loading rate is necessary to improve clinical assessments and prevention strategies.

METHODS: Twenty-five human cadaver head-neck compression tests were included in the analysis. Two statistical models were used to quantify the effects of age, gender, and loading rate on the force required to induce failure in the cervical spine. A multiple linear regression model provided a direct equation that quantified the effects of the variables, and a proportional hazards model was used to quantify probability of injury with each factor.

RESULTS: The regression model had a correlation coefficient of 0.87. There was an interactive effect between age and loading rate: Increasing age reduced the effect of loading rate and at approximately 82 years, loading rate had no effect. Men were consistently 600 N stronger than women. The 50% probability of failure for a 50-year-old man at a 4.5-m/sec loading rate was approximately 3.9 kN. Differences in probability curves followed the same trends as seen in the regression model.

CONCLUSIONS: The effects of age on cervical spine injury threshold are coupled with the rate of loading experienced through the external force vector that causes the trauma. Assessment of injury mechanisms and thresholds should be based on the person's age, gender, and loading rate to determine treatment and prevent injuries.

Author List

Pintar FA, Yoganandan N, Voo L

Authors

Frank A. Pintar PhD Chair, Professor in the Biomedical Engineering department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Narayan Yoganandan PhD Professor in the Neurosurgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Adult
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cadaver
Cervical Vertebrae
Chi-Square Distribution
Female
Humans
Linear Models
Male
Middle Aged
Proportional Hazards Models
Sex Factors
Spinal Cord Compression
Spinal Injuries
Stress, Mechanical