Surgical management of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastasis: results from an international multi-institutional analysis. Ann Surg Oncol 2010 Dec;17(12):3129-36
Date
06/30/2010Pubmed ID
20585879DOI
10.1245/s10434-010-1154-5Scopus ID
2-s2.0-78650980295 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 346 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Management of neuroendocrine tumor liver metastasis (NELM) remains controversial, with some advocating an aggressive surgical approach while others have adopted a more conservative strategy. We sought to define the efficacy of the surgical management of NELM in a large multicenter international cohort of patients.
METHODS: We identified 339 patients who underwent surgical management for NELM from 1985 to 2009 from an international database of eight major hepatobiliary centers. Relevant clinicopathologic data were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models.
RESULTS: Most patients had a pancreatic (40%) or small bowel (25%) neuroendocrine tumor (NET) primary. The majority of patients (60%) had bilateral liver disease. At surgery, 78% of patients underwent hepatic resection, 3% ablation alone, and 19% resection + ablation. Major hepatectomy was performed in 45% of patients, and 14% underwent a second liver operation. Carcinoid was the most common NET histological subtype (53%). Median survival was 125 months, with overall 5- and 10-year survival of 74%, and 51%, respectively. Disease recurred in 94% of patients at 5 years. Patients with hormonally functional NET who had R0/R1 resection benefited the most from surgery (P = 0.01). On multivariate analyses, synchronous disease [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.9], nonfunctional NET hormonal status (HR = 2.0), and extrahepatic disease (HR = 3.0) remained predictive of worse survival (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Liver-directed surgery for NELM is associated with prolonged survival; however, the majority of patients will develop recurrent disease. Patients with hormonally functional hepatic metastasis without prior extrahepatic or synchronous disease derive the greatest survival benefit from surgical management.
Author List
Mayo SC, de Jong MC, Pulitano C, Clary BM, Reddy SK, Gamblin TC, Celinksi SA, Kooby DA, Staley CA, Stokes JB, Chu CK, Ferrero A, Schulick RD, Choti MA, Mentha G, Strub J, Bauer TW, Adams RB, Aldrighetti L, Capussotti L, Pawlik TMAuthor
Thomas Clark Gamblin MD Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Cohort StudiesFemale
Hepatectomy
Humans
International Agencies
Liver Neoplasms
Male
Middle Aged
Neoplasm Staging
Neuroendocrine Tumors
Survival Rate
Treatment Outcome