Intestinal alkaline phosphatase prevents the systemic inflammatory response associated with necrotizing enterocolitis. J Surg Res 2013 Mar;180(1):21-6
Date
11/20/2012Pubmed ID
23158403Pubmed Central ID
PMC5664146DOI
10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.042Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84873702533 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 31 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common surgical emergency in neonates, with an incidence of 0.5-2.4 cases per 1000 live births and a mortality rate between 10% and 50%. Neonates affected by NEC develop a septic injury that is associated with increased risk of neurological impairment due to intraventricular bleeding and chronic lung disease. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an endogenous protein that has been shown to inactivate the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and has recently been used successfully as an adjunct to treat sepsis in adult patients. We tested the hypothesis that systemic, exogenous IAP will mitigate the inflammatory response as measured by serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in a rat model of NEC.
METHODS: Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into groups. Control pups were dam fed. NEC was induced by feeding formula containing LPS and exposure to intermittent hypoxia. NEC pups were given intraperitoneal injections of 4 or 40 glycine units (U) of IAP or placebo twice daily. Intestine and serum was collected for cytokine analysis as well as measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity.
RESULTS: Systemic IAP administration significantly increased serum alkaline phosphatase activity in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. The proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin 6, and interleukin 1β were significantly increased in NEC rats versus controls on days 2 and 3. Importantly, treatment with 40 U systemic IAP decreased these proinflammatory cytokines back to near-control levels.
CONCLUSIONS: Systemic IAP administration appears effective in mitigating the systemic inflammatory response associated with NEC, and may prove to be a valuable adjunctive treatment for NEC.
Author List
Riggle KM, Rentea RM, Welak SR, Pritchard KA Jr, Oldham KT, Gourlay DMAuthors
David M. Gourlay MD Chief, Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of WisconsinKirkwood A. Pritchard PhD Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Scott R. Welak MD Associate Professor in the Pediatrics department at Medical College of Wisconsin
MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Alkaline PhosphataseAnimals
Animals, Newborn
Cytokines
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing
Intestines
Rats
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
