Faculty Collaboration Database

One-year outcomes of out-of-hospital administration of intravenous glucose, insulin, and potassium (GIK) in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes (from the IMMEDIATE [Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency Care] Trial). Am J Cardiol 2014 May 15;113(10):1599-605

Date

05/06/2014

Pubmed ID

24792735

Pubmed Central ID

PMC4043184

DOI

10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.02.010

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-84899720487 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   37 Citations

Abstract

The Immediate Myocardial Metabolic Enhancement During Initial Assessment and Treatment in Emergency care Trial of very early intravenous glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) for acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in out-of-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) settings showed 80% reduction in infarct size at 30 days, suggesting potential longer-term benefits. Here we report 1-year outcomes. Prespecified 1-year end points of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, effectiveness trial included all-cause mortality and composites including cardiac arrest, mortality, or hospitalization for heart failure (HF). Of 871 participants randomized to GIK versus placebo, death occurred within 1 year in 11.6% versus 13.5%, respectively (unadjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 1.23, p = 0.36). The composite of cardiac arrest or 1-year mortality was 12.8% versus 17.0% (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.02, p = 0.06). The composite of hospitalization for HF or mortality within 1 year was 17.2% versus 17.2% (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.37, p = 0.92). The composite of mortality, cardiac arrest, or HF hospitalization within 1 year was 18.1% versus 20.4% (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.16, p = 0.30). In patients presenting with suspected ST elevation myocardial infarction, HRs for 1-year mortality and the 3 composites were, respectively, 0.65 (95% CI 0.33 to 1.27, p = 0.21), 0.52 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.92, p = 0.03), 0.63 (95% CI 0.35 to 1.16, p = 0.14), and 0.51 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.87, p = 0.01). In patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes, serious end points generally were lower with GIK than placebo, but the differences were not statistically significant. However, in those with ST elevation myocardial infarction, the composites of cardiac arrest or 1-year mortality, and of cardiac arrest, mortality, or HF hospitalization within 1 year, were significantly reduced.

Author List

Selker HP, Udelson JE, Massaro JM, Ruthazer R, D'Agostino RB, Griffith JL, Sheehan PR, Desvigne-Nickens P, Rosenberg Y, Tian X, Vickery EM, Atkins JM, Aufderheide TP, Sayah AJ, Pirrallo RG, Levy MK, Richards ME, Braude DA, Doyle DD, Frascone RJ, Kosiak DJ, Leaming JM, Van Gelder CM, Walter GP, Wayne MA, Woolard RH, Beshansky JR

Author

Tom P. Aufderheide MD Professor in the Emergency Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Acute Coronary Syndrome
Adult
After-Hours Care
Cardioplegic Solutions
Cause of Death
Double-Blind Method
Electrocardiography
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Glucose
Heart Arrest
Humans
Infusions, Intravenous
Insulin
Male
Middle Aged
Myocardium
Outpatients
Potassium
Retrospective Studies
Survival Rate
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
United States