Waning vaccine protection against influenza A (H3N2) illness in children and older adults during a single season. Vaccine 2015 Jan 01;33(1):246-51
Date
06/26/2014Pubmed ID
24962752Pubmed Central ID
PMC7463277DOI
10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.052Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84919420147 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 108 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that vaccine-induced protection against influenza may decline within one season. We reanalyzed data from a study of influenza vaccine effectiveness to determine if time since vaccination was an independent predictor of influenza A (H3N2).
METHODS: Patients with acute respiratory illness were actively recruited during the 2007-2008 season. Respiratory swabs were tested for influenza, and vaccination dates were determined by a validated immunization registry. The association between influenza RT-PCR result and vaccination interval (days) was examined using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for calendar time, age and other confounders.
RESULTS: There were 629 vaccinated participants, including 177 influenza A (H3N2) cases and 452 test negative controls. The mean (SD) interval from vaccination to illness onset was 101.7 (25.9) days for influenza cases and 93.0 (29.9) days for controls. There was a significant association between vaccination interval and influenza result in the main effects model. The adjusted odds ratio (aOR) for influenza was 1.12 (CI 1.01, 1.26) for every 14 day increase in the vaccination interval. Age modified the association between vaccination interval and influenza (p=0.005 for interaction). Influenza was associated with increasing vaccination interval in young children and older adults, but not in adolescents or non-elderly adults. Similar results were found when calendar week of vaccine receipt was assessed as the primary exposure variable.
CONCLUSIONS: Identification of influenza A (H3N2) was associated with increasing time since vaccination among young children and older adults during a single influenza season.
Author List
Belongia EA, Sundaram ME, McClure DL, Meece JK, Ferdinands J, VanWormer JJAuthor
David L. McClure PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor in the Institute for Health and Equity department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdolescentAdult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Child
Child, Preschool
Female
Humans
Infant
Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
Influenza Vaccines
Influenza, Human
Male
Middle Aged
Nasopharynx
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
Time Factors
Treatment Outcome
Young Adult
