Ferric citrate controls phosphorus and delivers iron in patients on dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015 Feb;26(2):493-503
Date
07/26/2014Pubmed ID
25060056Pubmed Central ID
PMC4310662DOI
10.1681/ASN.2014020212Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84924004431 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 164 CitationsAbstract
Patients on dialysis require phosphorus binders to prevent hyperphosphatemia and are iron deficient. We studied ferric citrate as a phosphorus binder and iron source. In this sequential, randomized trial, 441 subjects on dialysis were randomized to ferric citrate or active control in a 52-week active control period followed by a 4-week placebo control period, in which subjects on ferric citrate who completed the active control period were rerandomized to ferric citrate or placebo. The primary analysis compared the mean change in phosphorus between ferric citrate and placebo during the placebo control period. A sequential gatekeeping strategy controlled study-wise type 1 error for serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, and intravenous iron and erythropoietin-stimulating agent usage as prespecified secondary outcomes in the active control period. Ferric citrate controlled phosphorus compared with placebo, with a mean treatment difference of -2.2±0.2 mg/dl (mean±SEM) (P<0.001). Active control period phosphorus was similar between ferric citrate and active control, with comparable safety profiles. Subjects on ferric citrate achieved higher mean iron parameters (ferritin=899±488 ng/ml [mean±SD]; transferrin saturation=39%±17%) versus subjects on active control (ferritin=628±367 ng/ml [mean±SD]; transferrin saturation=30%±12%; P<0.001 for both). Subjects on ferric citrate received less intravenous elemental iron (median=12.95 mg/wk ferric citrate; 26.88 mg/wk active control; P<0.001) and less erythropoietin-stimulating agent (median epoetin-equivalent units per week: 5306 units/wk ferric citrate; 6951 units/wk active control; P=0.04). Hemoglobin levels were statistically higher on ferric citrate. Thus, ferric citrate is an efficacious and safe phosphate binder that increases iron stores and reduces intravenous iron and erythropoietin-stimulating agent use while maintaining hemoglobin.
Author List
Lewis JB, Sika M, Koury MJ, Chuang P, Schulman G, Smith MT, Whittier FC, Linfert DR, Galphin CM, Athreya BP, Nossuli AK, Chang IJ, Blumenthal SS, Manley J, Zeig S, Kant KS, Olivero JJ, Greene T, Dwyer JP, Collaborative Study GroupAuthor
Samuel S. Blumenthal MD Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Anemia, Iron-DeficiencyDose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Ferric Compounds
Humans
Hyperphosphatemia
Iron
Israel
Kidney Failure, Chronic
Male
Middle Aged
Phosphorus
Renal Dialysis
Treatment Outcome
United States
