Association of early withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy for perceived neurological prognosis with mortality after cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016 May;102:127-35
Date
02/03/2016Pubmed ID
26836944Pubmed Central ID
PMC4834233DOI
10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.01.016Scopus ID
2-s2.0-84958576886 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 279 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Withdrawing life-sustaining therapy because of perceived poor neurological prognosis (WLST-N) is a common cause of hospital death after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Although current guidelines recommend against WLST-N before 72h (WLST-N<72), this practice is common and may increase mortality. We sought to quantify these effects.
METHODS: In a secondary analysis of a multicenter OHCA trial, we evaluated survival to hospital discharge and survival with favorable functional status (modified Rankin Score ≤3) in adults alive >1h after hospital admission. Propensity score modeling the probability of exposure to WLST-N<72 based on pre-exposure covariates was used to match unexposed subjects with those exposed to WLST-N<72. We determined the probability of survival and functionally favorable survival in the unexposed matched cohort, fit adjusted logistic regression models to predict outcomes in this group, and then used these models to predict outcomes in the exposed cohort. Combining these findings with current epidemiologic statistics we estimated mortality nationally that is associated with WLST-N<72.
RESULTS: Of 16,875 OHCA subjects, 4265 (25%) met inclusion criteria. WLST-N<72 occurred in one-third of subjects who died in-hospital. Adjusted analyses predicted that exposed subjects would have 26% survival and 16% functionally favorable survival if WLST-N<72 did not occur. Extrapolated nationally, WLST-N<72 may be associated with mortality in approximately 2300 Americans each year of whom nearly 1500 (64%) might have had functional recovery.
CONCLUSIONS: After OHCA, death following WLST-N<72 may be common and is potentially avoidable. Reducing WLST-N<72 has national public health implications and may afford an opportunity to decrease mortality after OHCA.
Author List
Elmer J, Torres C, Aufderheide TP, Austin MA, Callaway CW, Golan E, Herren H, Jasti J, Kudenchuk PJ, Scales DC, Stub D, Richardson DK, Zive DM, Resuscitation Outcomes ConsortiumAuthor
Tom P. Aufderheide MD Professor in the Emergency Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AgedAged, 80 and over
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Emergency Medical Services
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nervous System Diseases
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Prognosis
Retrospective Studies
Survival Rate
Time Factors
United States
Withholding Treatment
