Faculty Collaboration Database

State-dependent and -independent effects of dialyzing excitatory neuromodulator receptor antagonists into the ventral respiratory column. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017 Feb 01;122(2):327-338

Date

10/01/2016

Pubmed ID

27687562

Pubmed Central ID

PMC5504392

DOI

10.1152/japplphysiol.00619.2016

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85014833742 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   6 Citations

Abstract

Unilateral dialysis of the broad-spectrum muscarinic receptor antagonist atropine (50 mM) into the ventral respiratory column [(VRC) including the pre-Bötzinger complex region] of awake goats increased pulmonary ventilation (V̇i) and breathing frequency (f), conceivably due to local compensatory increases in serotonin (5-HT) and substance P (SP) measured in effluent mock cerebral spinal fluid (mCSF). In contrast, unilateral dialysis of a triple cocktail of antagonists to muscarinic (atropine; 5 mM), neurokinin-1, and 5-HT receptors does not alter V̇i or f, but increases local SP. Herein, we tested hypotheses that 1) local compensatory 5-HT and SP responses to 50 mM atropine dialyzed into the VRC of goats will not differ between anesthetized and awake states; and 2) bilateral dialysis of the triple cocktail of antagonists into the VRC of awake goats will not alter V̇i or f, but will increase local excitatory neuromodulators. Through microtubules implanted into the VRC of goats, probes were inserted to dialyze mCSF alone (time control), 50 mM atropine, or the triple cocktail of antagonists. We found 1) equivalent increases in local 5-HT and SP with 50 mM atropine dialysis during wakefulness compared with isoflurane anesthesia, but V̇i and f only increased while awake; and 2) dialyses of the triple cocktail of antagonists increased V̇i, f, 5-HT, and SP (<0.05) during both day and night studies. We conclude that the mechanisms governing local neuromodulator levels are state independent, and that bilateral excitatory receptor blockade elicits an increase in breathing, presumably due to a local, (over)compensatory neuromodulator response.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The two major findings are as follows: 1) during unilateral dialysis of 50 mM atropine into the ventral respiratory column to block excitatory muscarinic receptor activity, a compensatory increase in other neuromodulators was state independent, but the ventilatory response appears to be state dependent; and 2) the hypothesis that absence of decreased V̇i and f during unilateral dialysis of excitatory receptor antagonists was due to compensation by the contralateral VRC was not supported by findings herein.

Author List

Langer TM 3rd, Neumueller SE, Crumley E, Burgraff NJ, Talwar S, Hodges MR, Pan L, Forster HV

Authors

Hubert V. Forster PhD Professor in the Physiology department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Matthew R. Hodges PhD Professor in the Physiology department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Animals
Atropine
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Female
Goats
Microdialysis
Muscarinic Antagonists
Neurotransmitter Agents
Pulmonary Ventilation
Receptors, Muscarinic
Receptors, Neurotransmitter
Receptors, Serotonin
Respiration
Respiratory Center
Respiratory Mechanics
Serotonin
Sleep
Substance P
Wakefulness