Risk factors and epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infection in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients during the peritransplant period. Transpl Infect Dis 2017 Feb;19(1)
Date
12/13/2016Pubmed ID
27943501DOI
10.1111/tid.12649Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85013644066 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 16 CitationsAbstract
BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients represent a high-risk group for developing Clostridium difficile (CD) infection (CDI). We aimed to identify specific risk factors for CDI in an HSCT patient population during the peritransplant period.
METHODS: We performed a case-control study within a cohort of HSCT patients who received a transplant from November 2010 to March 2013. Cases had a clinical presentation compatible with CDI and a positive stool sample Xpert® C. difficile test. Controls were CDI negative and matched on age, gender, and transplant type. Peritransplant period was defined as -30 days or time of stem cell mobilization maneuver to 30 days post transplant in autologous SCT or 90 days post transplant in allogeneic SCT.
RESULTS: Of 781 HSCTs performed during the study period, 650 (83.2%) had a stool sample submitted for CD testing. Eight-six (13.2%) cases with CDI were identified. Most of the cases were diagnosed within a week after transplantation (median of 5 days). In adjusted analysis, prior hospitalization (odds ratio [OR]: 2.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-3.36), prior cephalosporin administration (OR 2.72, 95% CI: 1.54-4.83), and prior chemotherapy (OR: 3.26, 95% CI: 1.92-5.5) were significantly associated with CDI.
CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalization, and prior antibiotic and chemotherapy use are risk factors that are not easily modifiable, which emphasizes the need to start investigating preventive or prophylactic strategies in this high-risk population.
Author List
Aldrete SD, Kraft CS, Magee MJ, Chan A, Hutcherson D, Langston AA, Greenwell BI, Burd EM, Friedman-Moraco RAuthor
Sol Del Mar Aldrete MD Assistant Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdultAged
Anti-Bacterial Agents
Case-Control Studies
Cephalosporins
Clostridium Infections
Female
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Perioperative Period
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
Transplantation Conditioning
Transplantation, Homologous
Young Adult
