Faculty Collaboration Database

Enteral Nutrition Initiation in Children Admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units After Traumatic Brain Injury. Neurocrit Care 2019 Feb;30(1):193-200

Date

09/02/2018

Pubmed ID

30171446

DOI

10.1007/s12028-018-0597-6

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85053395251 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   17 Citations

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of death and long-term disability among injured children. Early feeding has been shown to improve outcomes in adults, with some similar evidence in children with severe TBI. We aimed to examine the current practice of initiation of enteral nutrition in children with TBI and to evaluate the risk factors associated with delayed initiation of enteral nutrition.

METHODS: This retrospective, multicenter study used the Pediatric Trauma Assessment and Management Database including all children with head trauma discharged from five pediatric intensive care units (PICU) at pediatric trauma centers between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013. We compared demographics, injury and procedure data, time to initiation of nutrition, and injury and illness severity scores between patients who received enteral nutrition early (≤ 48 h) and late (> 48 h). Fisher's exact and Mann-Whitney U tests compared discrete and continuous variables. Univariate and multivariable analyses evaluated variables associated with delayed initiation of feeding. Outcomes of interest included mortality, complications, ventilator days, hospital and ICU length of stay, and functional status at ICU discharge.

RESULTS: In the 416 patients in the study, the overall mortality was 2.6%. The majority of patients (83%; range 69-88% between five sites, p = 0.0008) received enteral nutrition within 48 h of PICU admission. Lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores and higher Injury Severity Score (ISS) were independently associated with delayed initiation of enteral nutrition. Delayed enteral nutrition was independently associated with worse functional status at PICU discharge (p = 0.02) but was not associated with mortality or increased length of stay.

CONCLUSIONS: Children with severe TBI and higher ISS were more likely to have delayed initiation of enteral nutrition. Delayed enteral nutrition was an independent risk factor for worse functional status at ICU discharge for the entire cohort, but not for the severe TBI group.

Author List

Balakrishnan B, Flynn-O'Brien KT, Simpson PM, Dasgupta M, Hanson SJ

Authors

Binod Balakrishnan MBBS Associate Professor in the Pediatrics department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Katherine T. Flynn-O'Brien MD, MPH Assistant Professor in the Surgery department at Medical College of Wisconsin
Pippa M. Simpson PhD Adjunct Professor in the Pediatrics department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Brain Injuries, Traumatic
Child
Child, Preschool
Enteral Nutrition
Female
Glasgow Coma Scale
Humans
Infant
Intensive Care Units, Pediatric
Male
Retrospective Studies
Time-to-Treatment
Trauma Severity Indices