Faculty Collaboration Database

1. Raff H, Tzankoff SP, and Fitzgerald RS. ACTH and cortisol responses to hypoxia in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. (Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol.) 51:1257 1260, 1981

2. Raff H, Tzankoff SP, and Fitzgerald RS. Chemoreceptor involvement in cortisol responses to hypoxia in ventilated dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. (Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol.) 52:1092 1096, 1982

3. Raff H, Shinsako J, and Dallman MF. Surgery potentiates adrenocortical responses to hypoxia. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 172:400 406, 1983.

4. Raff H, Shinsako J, Keil LC, and Dallman MF. Vasopressin, ACTH, and corticosteroids during hypercapnia and graded hypoxia in dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Endocrinol. Metab.) 244:E453 E458, 1983

5. Fitzgerald RS, Garger P, Hauer MC, Raff H, and Fechter L. The effect of hypoxia and hypercapnea on catecholamine content in the cat carotid body. J. Appl. Physiol. (Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol.) 54:1408 1413, 1983

6. Raff H, Shinsako J, Keil LC, and Dallman MF. Vasopressin, ACTH and blood pressure during hypoxia induced at different rates. Am. J. Physiol. (Endocrinol. Metab.) 245:E489 E493, 1983

7. Raff H, Shinsako J, Keil LC, and Dallman MF. Feedback inhibition of ACTH and vasopressin responses to hypoxia by physiological increases in endogenous plasma corticosteroids in dogs. Endocrinology 114:1245 1249, 1984

8. Raff H and Fagin KD. Measurement of hormones and blood gases during hypoxia in conscious, cannulated rats. J. Appl. Physiol. (Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol.) 56:1426 1430, 1984

9. Raff H, Shinsako J, and Dallman MF. Renin and ACTH responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia after chronic carotid denervation. Am. J Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative Comp. Physiol.) 247:R412 R417, 1984

10. Fitzgerald RS, Hauer MC, Bierkamper GG, and Raff H. Responses of the in vitro rat diaphragm to changes in acid base balance. J. Appl. Physiol. (Respirat. Environ. Exercise Physiol.) 57:1202 1210, 1984.

11. Raff H, Maselli J, and Reid IA. Correlation of plasma angiotensin II concentration and plasma renin activity during acute hypoxia in dogs. Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol. 12:91 94, 1985

12. Licko V and Raff H. Rate sensitivity of blood pressure to hypoxia. J. Theoretical Biol. 112:839 845, 1985.

13. Raff H, Goldmann RW, and Kindwall EP. Adrenocortical sensitivity after acute carbon monoxide exposure in humans. Arch. Environ. Health 40:88 90, 1985.

14. Raff H, Merrill D, Skelton M, Cowley, AW Jr. Control of ACTH and vasopressin in neurohypophysectomized conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative Compar. Physiol.) 249:R281 R285, 1985.

15. Raff H, Shinsako J, Wade CE, Keil LC and Dallman MF. Acute volume expansion decreases adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH and angiotensin II. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative. Compar. Physiol.) 249:R611 R616, 1985.

16. Raff H, Sandri RB, and Segerson TP. Renin, ACTH, and adrenocortical function during hypoxia and hemorrhage in conscious rats. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative. Compar. Physiol.) 250:R240 244, 1986

17. Raff H and Levy SA. Renin angiotensin aldosterone and ACTH cortisol control during acute hypoxemia and exercise in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 133:396 399, 1986

18. Findling JW, Buggy BP, Segerson TP, and Raff H. Pneumocystis carinii complicating intermittent Cushing's syndrome. Wisc. Med. J. 85:23 25, 1986

19. Cogswell TL, Bernath GA, Raff H, Hoffmann RG, Klopfenstein HS. Total peripheral resistance during cardiac tamponade: adrenergic and angiotensin roles. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 251:R916 R922, 1986

20. Raff H, Skelton M, Merrill D, and Cowley AW Jr. Vasopressin responses to corticotropin releasing factor and hyperosmolality in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 251:R1235 R1239, 1986.

21. Raff H, and Chadwick CJ. Aldosterone responses to ACTH during hypoxia in conscious rats. Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol. 13:827 830, 1986

22. Findling JW, Korducki JM, Lahiri PK, Miller DD, and Raff H. Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage associated with heparin induced thrombocytopenia. Wisc. Med. J. 86:27 29, 1987.

23. Findling JW, Waters VO, and Raff H. The dissociation of renin and aldosterone during critical illness. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 64:592 595. 1987

24. Findling JW, Adams AH, and Raff H. Selective hypoaldosteronism due to an endogenous impairment in angiotensin II production. New Engl. J. Med. 316:1632 1635, 1987

25. Raff H, Norton AJ, Flemma RJ, and Findling JW. Inhibition of the ACTH response to surgery in humans: interaction between dexamethasone and fentanyl. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 65:295 298, 1987.

26. Raff H and Roarty H. Renin, ACTH, and aldosterone during acute hypercapnia and hypoxia in conscious rats. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 254:R431 R435, 1988.

27. Raff H, Merrill DC, Skelton MM, Brownfield MS, and Cowley AW Jr. Control of adrenocorticotropin secretion and adrenocortical sensitivity in neurohypophysectomized, conscious dogs: effect of acute and chronic vasopressin replacement. Endocrinology 122:1410 1418, 1988.

28. Roarty H and Raff H. Renin response to graded hemorrhage in conscious rats. Clin. Exper. Pharmacol. Physiol. 15:373 378, 1988

29. Raff H. Evaluation of a blood sample/transfusion protocol in rats: blood gases, renin and ACTH. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 255:R851 R854, 1988

30. Raff H, Flemma RJ, and Findling JW. Fast cortisol induced inhibition of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) response to surgery in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 67:1146 1148, 1988

31. Nishijima MK, Breslow MJ, Raff H, and Traystman RJ. Regional adrenal blood flow during hypoxia. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol) 256:H94 H100, 1989.

32. Raff H, Ball DL, Goodfriend TL. Low oxygen selectively inhibits aldosterone secretion from bovine adrenocortical cells in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. (Endocrinol. Metab.) 256:E640 E644, 1989

33. Raff H and Findling JW. Evaluation of a new immunoradiometric (IRMA) assay for ACTH in normal subjects and patients with Cushing's syndrome. Clin. Chem. 35:596 600, 1989.

34. Raff H, Skelton MM, and Cowley AW Jr. Feedback control of vasopressin and corticotrophin secretion in conscious dogs: effect of hypertonic saline. J. Endocrinol. (Jubilee Edition) 122:41 48, 1989.

35. Lewin RF, Raff H, Findling JW, Skelton MM, Cowley AW Jr, King JF, and Dorros G. Stimulation of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin during percutaneous transluminal aortic valvuloplasty. Am. Heart J. 118:292 298, 1989

36. Breslow MJ, Ball TD, Miller CF, Raff H, and Traystman RJ. Adrenal blood flow and secretory relationships during hypoxia in anesthetized dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol.) 257:H1458 H1465, 1989.

37. Raff H, Findling JW, and Wong J. Short loop adrenocorticotropin feedback after ACTH 1 24 injection in man is an artifact of the immunoradiometric assay. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 69:678 680, 1989.

38. Raff, H, Skelton MM, Cowley AW Jr. Cortisol inhibition of vasopressin and ACTH responses to arterial hypotension in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 258:R64 R69, 1990

39. Raff H. Renin response to hemorrhage in conscious rats: effect of acute reductions in hematocrit. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 258:R487 R491, 1990.

40. Griffen SC, Raff H. Vasopressin responses to hypoxia in conscious rats: interaction with water restriction. J. Endocrinol. 125:61 66, 1990.

41. Raff H, Kohandarvish S. The effect of oxygen on aldosterone release from bovine adrenocortical cells in vitro: PO2 vs steroidogenesis. Endocrinology 127:682 687, 1990.

42. Breslow MJ, Robin JR, Mandress TD, Racusen LC, Raff H, and Traystman RJ. Changes in adrenal O2 consumption during catecholamine secretion in anesthetized dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol.) 259:H681 H688, 1990

43. Raff H, Findling JW. Aldosterone control in critically ill patients: ACTH, metoclopramide, and atrial natriuretic peptide. Crit. Care Med. 18:915 920, 1990.

44. Wood CE, Kane C, Raff H. Peripheral chemoreceptor control of fetal renin responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Circ. Res. 67:722 732, 1990

45. Lewin RF, Raff H, Findling JW, Dorros G. Stimulation of atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin during retrograde mitral valvuloplasty. Am. Heart J. 120:1305 1310, 1990

46. Breslow MJ, Tobin JR, Kubos KL, Raff H, Traystman RJ. Effect of adrenal hypotension on elicited secretory activity in anesthetized dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol.) 260:H 21 26, 1991.

47. Raff H, Papanek PE, Cowley AW Jr. ACTH and vasopressin responses to insulin induced hypoglycemia in intact and neurohypophysectomized conscious dogs. Neuroendocrinology 53:85 90, 1991.

48. Brickner RC and Raff H. Oxygen sensitivity of potassium and angiotensin II stimulated aldosteronogenesis. J. Endocrinol 129:43 48, 1991.

49. Blaney J, Sothmann M, Raff H, Hart B, Horn T. Impact of exercise training on plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone response to a well learned vigilance task. Psychoneuroendocrinology 15:453 462, 1991.

50. Raff H, Kane CA, Wood CE. Arginine vasopressin responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in late gestation fetal sheep. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol) 260:R1077 R1081, 1991.

51. Mattson DL, Raff H, Roman RJ. Influence of angiotensin II on pressure natriuresis and renal hemodynamics in volume expanded rats. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol) 260:R1200 R1209, 1991.

52. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Shaker JL, Raff H. Routine inferior petrosal sinus sampling in the differential diagnosis of ACTH dependent Cushing's syndrome: early recognition of the occult ectopic ACTH syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73:408 413, 1991.

53. Sakima NT, Breslow MJ, Raff H, Traystman RJ. Lack of coupling between adrenal cortical metabolic activity and blood flow in anesthetized dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol.) 261:H410 H415, 1991

54. Raff H, Rossing MH, Doepker SK, Griffen SC. Vasopressin response to hemorrhage in the rat: effect of hypoxia and water restriction. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 18:725 729, 1991.

55. Brickner RC, Jankowski B, Raff H. The conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone is the site of the oxygen sensitivity of the bovine adrenal zona glomerulosa. Endocrinology 130:88 92, 1992

56. Raff H, Papanek PE, Cowley AW Jr. Effect of hypotension and hyperosmolality on vasopressin and ACTH responses to hypoglycemia in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul Integr Comp. Physiol.) 263:R382 R388, 1992

57. Raff H and CE Wood. Effect of age and blood pressure on the heart rate, vasopressin and renin responses to hypoxia in fetal sheep. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul Integr Comp Physiol.) 263:R880 R884, 1992

58. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Elliott ME, Chabhi A, Duong T, Raff H, Schneider EG, Brown RD, and Weinberger MH. Fatty acids may regulate aldosterone secretion and mediate some of insulin's effects on blood pressure. Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids 48:43 50, 1993.

59. Raff H and Jankowski B. Effect of CO2/pH on the aldosterone response to hypoxia in bovine adrenal cells in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.) 265: R820-R825, 1993.

60. Breslow MJ, Parker SD, Frank SM, Norris EJ, Yates H, Raff H, Rock P, Christopherson R, Rosenfeld BA, Beattie C, and the PIRAT Study Group. Determinants of catecholamine and cortisol responses to lower extremity revascularization and correlation with outcome variables. Anesthesiology 79:1202-1209, 1993.

61. Ligier B, MJ Breslow, H Raff, and RJ Traystman. Adrenal blood flow and secretory effects of adrenergic receptor stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. (Heart and Circ. Physiol) 266:H220-H227, 1994

62. Raff H and Jankowski B. Inhibition of aldosterone release by hypoxia in vitro: interaction with carbon monoxide. J. Appl. Physiol. 76:689-693, 1994

63. Schwartz J, Ash P, Ford V, Raff H, Crosby S, and White A Secretion of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and ACTH precursors: actions of corticotropin releasing factor, arginine vasopressin and glucocorticoids. J. Endocrinol. 140:189-195, 1994.

64. Papanek PE and Raff H. Physiological increases in cortisol inhibit basal vasopressin release in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.) 266:R1744-R1751, 1994.

65. Raff H, Shaker JL, Nelson DK, and Findling JW. Rapid measurement of corticotropin (ACTH) using a modified immunochemiluminescent assay. Clinical Chemistry 40:1344, 1994.

66. Raff H, Papanek PE, Liard J-F, and Cowley, AW Jr. The effect of intracarotid vasopressin infusion on ACTH release in neurohypophysectomized, conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr Comp. Physiol.) 267:R653-R658, 1994

67. Papanek PE and Raff H. Chronic physiological increases in cortisol inhibit the vasopressin response to hypertonic saline in conscious dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regul. Integr Comp. Physiol) 267:R1342-R1349, 1994.

68. Kay J, Findling JW, and Raff H. Epidural triamcinolone suppresses the pituitary adrenal axis in human subjects. Anesthesia and Analgesia 79:501-505, 1994.

69. Findling JW, Buggy BP, Gilson IH, Brummitt CF, Bernstein BM, and Raff H. Longitudinal evaluation of adrenocortical function in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 79:1091-1096, 1994.

70. Heimler I, Rawlins RG, Binor Z, Aiman J, Raff H, and Hutz RJ. Elevated follicular fluid angiotensin II and pregnancy outcome. Fertility and Sterility 63: 528-534, 1995.

71. Frank SM, Higgins MS, Breslow MJ, Fleisher LA, Gorman RB, Sitzmann JV, Raff H, and Beattie C. The catecholamine, cortisol, and hemodynamic responses to mild perioperative hypothermia. Anesthesiology 82:83-93, 1995

72. Raff H, Shaker JL, Seifert PE, Werner PH, Hazelrigg SR, and Findling JW. Intraoperative measurement of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) during removal of ACTH-secreting bronchial carcinoid tumors. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 80:1036-1039, 1995.

73. Raff H and Jankowski B. Oxygen dependence of pregnenolone and aldosterone synthesis in mitochondria isolated from bovine zona glomerulosa cells. J. Appl. Physiol. 78:1625-1628, 1995.

74. Parker SD, Breslow MJ, Frank SM, Rosenfeld BA, Norris EJ, Christoperson R, Rock P, Gottlieb S, Raff H, et al. and the PIRAT Study Group. Catecholamine and cortisol responses to lower extremity revascularization: correlation with outcome variables. Critical Care Medicine 23:1954-1961, 1995

75. Shaker JL, Brickner RC, Divgi AB, Raff H, and Findling JW. Case report: renal phosphate wasting, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, and ectopic corticotropin production in small cell carcinoma. Am. J. Med. Sci. 310:38-41, 1995.

76. O'Shaughnessy IM, Raff H, Findling JW. Factitious Cushing's syndrome: discovery with the use of a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for ACTH. Endocrine Practice 1:327-329, 1995.

77. Oaks MK and Raff H. Differentiation of the expression of aldosterone synthase and 11-hydroxylase mRNA in the rat adrenal cortex by reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction. J. Steroid. Biochem. Molecul. Biol. 54:193-199, 1995.

78. Raff H, Papanek PE, and Cowles VE. Vasopressin responses to corticotropin-releasing factor and hypertonicity after truncal vagotomy in dogs. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory Integrative Comparative. Physiol) 270:R94-R98, 1996.

79. Raff H, Jankowski BM, Engeland WC, and Oaks MK. Hypoxia in vivo inhibits aldosterone synthesis and aldosterone synthase mRNA in the rat. J. Appl. Physiol. 81:604-610, 1996.

80. Papanek PE, Jankowski BM, and Raff H. Aldosterone release from adrenal cells is inhibited by hypoxia in vitro during maturation in rabbits. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8:1131-1136, 1996

81. Papanek PE, Sladek CD, and Raff H. Corticosterone inhibition of osmotically-stimulated vasopressin from hypothalamic-neurohypophysial explants. Am. J. Physiol. (Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiol.) 272:R158-R162, 1997

82. Frank SM, Higgins MS, Fleisher LA, Sitzmann J, Raff H, and Breslow MJ. The adrenergic, respiratory, and cardiovascular effects of core cooling in humans. Am. J. Physiol (Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiology) 272:R557-R562, 1997.

83. Raff H, Jankowski BM, Goodfriend TL, Baker JE, Papanek PE. The effect of exposure to hypoxia from birth on aldosterone in rabbits: role of unesterified fatty acids. Am. J. Physiol (Regulatory Integrative Comparative Physiol) 272:R1084-R1087, 1997.

84. Findling JW, Raff H, Hansson JH, Lifton RP. Liddle's syndrome: prospective genetic screening and suppressed aldosterone secretion in an extended kindred. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:1071-1074, 1997.

85. Graham KE, Raff H, Cook DM, Barnwell TL, Samuels MH. Intraoperative adrenocorticotropin levels during transsphenoidal surgery for Cushing's Disease does not predict cure. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:1776-1779, 1997.

86. Aron DC, Raff H, Findling JW. Effectiveness versus efficacy: the limited value in clinical practice of high dose dexamethasone suppression testing in the differential diagnosis of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82:1780-1785, 1997.

87. Findling JW, Pinkstaff SM, Shaker JL, Raff H, Nelson JC. Pseudohypercortisoluria: spurious elevation of urinary cortisol due to carbamazepine. The Endocrinologist 8:51-54, 1998.

88. Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome. J Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 83:2681-2686, 1998

89. Raff H, Jankowski BM, Bruder ED, Engeland WC, Oaks MK. The effect of hypoxia from birth on the regulation of aldosterone in the 7-day-old rat: plasma hormones, steroidogenesis in vitro, and steroidogenic enzyme mRNA. Endocrinology 140:3147-3153, 1999

90. Raff H, Raff JL, Duthie EH, Wilson CR, Sasse EA, Rudman I, Mattson D. Elevated salivary cortisol in the evening in healthy elderly men and women: correlation with bone mineral density. J. Gerontol.: Med. Sci 54A: M479-M483, 1999.

91. Raff H, Bruder ED, Jankowski BM. The effect of hypoxia on plasma leptin and insulin in newborn and juvenile rats. Endocrine 11: 37-39, 1999.

92. Raff H, Bruder ED, Jankowski BM, Goodfriend TL. Neonatal hypoxic hyperlipidemia in the rat: effects on aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis in vitro. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 278:R663-R668, 2000.

93. Raff H, Bruder ED, Jankowski BM, Engeland WC. The effect of fetal hypoxia on adrenocortical function in the 7-day old rat. Endocrine 13:111-116, 2000.

94. Lee PC, Jelinek B, Struve M, Bruder ED, Raff H. Effect of neonatal hypoxia on the development of hepatic lipase in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 279:R1341-R1347, 2000.

95. Whitcomb JE, Findling JW, Raff H, Harnsher K. Randomized trial of oral hydrocortisone and its effect on emergency physicians during night duty. Wisc Med J 99:37-41, 2000.

96. Magill SB, Raff H, Shaker JL, Brickner RC, Knechtges TE, Kehoe ME, Findling JW. Comparison of adrenal vein sampling and computer tomography in the differentiation of primary aldosteronism. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 86:1066-1071, 2001

97. Raff H, Bruder ED, Jankowski BM, Colman J. Effect of neonatal hypoxia on leptin, insulin, growth hormone and body composition in the rat. Horm. Metab. Res. 33:151-155, 2001.

98. Hjertstedt J, Burns EA, Fleming R, Raff H, Rudman I, Duthie EH, Wilson CR. Mandibular and palatal tori, bone mineral density and salivary cortisol in community dwelling elderly men and women. J. Gerontol. - Biol. Sci. & Med. Sci. 56:M731-5, 2001

99. Casale TB. Nelson HS. Stricker WE. Raff H. Newman KB. Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity with inhaled flunisolide and fluticasone propionate in adult asthma patients. Annals of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology. 87:379-85, 2001

100. Raff H, Bruder ED, Jankowski B, Oaks MK, and Colman RJ. Growth hormone therapy during neonatal hypoxia in rats: body composition, bone mineral density, and IGF-1 expression. Endocrine 16:137-141, 2001

101. Raff H, Homar PJ, and Burns EA. Comparison of two methods for measuring salivary cortisol. Clinical Chemistry 48: 207-208, 2002.

102. Bruder ED, Nagler AK, and Raff H. O2-dependence of ACTH-stimulated aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis in the rat adrenal cortex: developmental aspects. J. Endocrinol. 172:595-604, 2002

103. Nelson HS. Stricker W. Casale TB. Raff H. Fourre JA. Aron DC. Newman KB. A comparison of methods for assessing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity in asthma patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 42:319-26, 2002

104. Raff H. Effect of hypoxia on parathyroid hormone in lactating and neonatal rats: interaction with halothane. Endocrine 17:157-160, 2002.

105. Lee PC, Struve M, Lewis SM, and Raff H. Neonatal hypoxia in the rat: effects on exocrine pancreatic development. J. Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 34:542-547, 2002.

106. Raff H, Hong JJ, Oaks MK, and Widmaier EP. Adrenocortical responses to ACTH in the neonatal rat: The effect of hypoxia from birth on corticosterone, StAR, and PBR. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284:R78-R85. 2003.

107. Raff H, Homar PJ, Skoner DP. A new enzyme immunoassay for salivary cortisol. Clin Chem 49:203-204, 2003.

108. Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Raff H, Bruder ED, Gardner HW, Spiteller G. Oxidized products of linoleic acid stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis. Endocrine Research 28:325-330, 2003.

109. Lee PC, Struve M, Raff H. Effects of hypoxia on the development of intestinal enzymes in neonatal and juvenile rats. Exper. Biol. Med. 228:717-723, 2003.

110. Bruder ED, Ball DL, Goodfriend TL, and Raff H. An oxidized metabolite of linoleic acid stimulates corticosterone production by rat adrenal cells. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 284:R1631-R1635, 2003.

111. Raff H. Total and active ghrelin in developing rats during hypoxia. Endocrine 21:159-161, 2003

112. Raff H, Jacobson L, Cullinan WE. Elevated corticosterone and inhibition of ACTH responses to CRH and ether in the neonatal rat: effect of hypoxia from birth. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 285:R1224-R1230, 2003.

113. Raff H, Lee JJ, Widmaier EP, Oaks MK, Engeland WC. Basal and ACTH-stimulated corticosterone in the neonatal rat exposed to hypoxia from birth: modulation by chemical sympathectomy. Endocrinology 145:79-86, 2004.

114. Findling JW, Raff H, Aron DC. The low-dose dexamethasone suppression test: a re-evaluation in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 89:1222-1226,2004.

115. Bruder ED, Lee PC, Raff H. Metabolomic analysis of adrenal lipids during hypoxia in the neonatal rat: implications in steroidogenesis. Am J Physiology Endocrinol Metab 286:E697-E703, 2004.

116. Bruder ED, Lee PC, Raff H. Metabolic consequences of hypoxia from birth and dexamethasone treatment in the neonatal rat: comprehensive hepatic lipid and fatty acid profiling. Endocrinology 145:5364-5372, 2004.

117. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Raff H. Identification of patients with Cushing's disease with negative pituitary adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) gradients during inferior petrosal sinus sampling: prolactin as an index of pituitary venous effluent. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:6005-6009, 2004.

118. Bruder ED, Lee PC, Raff H. Lipid and fatty acid profiles in the brain, liver, and stomach contents of neonatal rats: effects of hypoxia. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 288:E314-E320, 2005

119. Bruder ED, Lee PC, Raff H. Dexamethasone treatment in the newborn rat: fatty acid profiling of lung, brain, and serum lipids. J Appl Physiol 98: 981-990, 2005

120. Bruder ED, Jacobson L, Raff H. Plasma leptin and ghrelin in the neonatal rat: interaction of dexamethasone and hypoxia. J. Endocrinol. 185:477-484, 2005.

121. Raff H. Teaching glucocorticoid negative feedback and adrenocortical regulation using a classic paper by Dwight Ingle. Adv Physiol Educ 29: 141-143, 2005

122. Liu H, Bravata DM, Cabaccan J, Raff H, Ryzen E. Elevated late-night salivary cortisol levels in elderly male type 2 diabetic veterans. Clinical Endocrinology 63:642-649, 2005.

123. Raff H, Bruder ED, and the St. Luke's Medical Center Adrenal Tumor Study Group. Steroidogenesis in human aldosterone-secreting adenomas and adrenal hyperplasias: effects of hypoxia in vitro. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 290:E199-E203, 2006.

124. Raff H, Bruder ED. Adiponectin and resistin in the neonatal rat: effects of dexamethasone and hypoxia. Endocrine 29:341-344, 2006.

125. Reeder DM, Raff H, Kunz TH, Widmaier EP. Characterization of pituitary-adrenocortical activity in the Malayan Flying Fox (Pteropus vampyrus). J Compar Physiol - B, Biochem, Systemic, & Environ Physiol. 176:513-519, 2006

126. Wilkinson CW, Raff H. Comparative evaluation of a new immunoradiometric assay for corticotropin. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 44:669-671, 2006

127. Bruder ED, Henderson LM, Raff H. Adrenal lipid profiles of chemically sympathectomized normoxic and hypoxic neonatal rats. Horm Metab Res 38:807-811, 2006.

128. Bruder ED, Raff H, Goodfriend TL. An oxidized derivative of linoleic acid stimulates dehydroepiandrosterone production by human adrenal cells. Horm Metab Res 38:803-806, 2006.

129. Kidambi S, Kotchen JM, Grim CE, Raff H, Mao J, Singh RJ, Kotchen TA. Association of adrenal steroids with hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in African Americans. Hypertension 49:704-711, 2007.

130. Raff H, Jacobson L. Glucocorticoid feedback control of corticotropin (ACTH) in the hypoxic neonatal rat. J. Endocrinol. 192:453-458, 2007

131. Bruder ED, Lee JJ, Widmaier EP, Raff H. Microarray and real-time PCR analysis of adrenal gland gene expression in the 7-day-old rat: effects of hypoxia from birth. Physiol Genomics 29:193-200, 2007.

132. Usa K, Singh RJ, Netzel BC, Liu Y, Raff H, Liang M. Renal interstitial corticosterone and 11-dehydrocorticosterone in conscious rats. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 293:F186-F192, 2007.

133. Raff H, Jacobson L, Cullinan WE. Augmented hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone mRNA and corticosterone responses to stress in adult rats exposed to perinatal hypoxia. J. Neuroendocrinol. 19:907-912, 2007

134. Kidambi S, Raff H, Findling JW. Limitations of nocturnal salivary cortisol and urine free cortisol in the diagnosis of mild Cushing's syndrome. Eur J Endocrinol 157:725-731, 2007.

135. Woods DL, Kovach CR, Raff H, Basmadjian A, Hegadoren KM. Using saliva to measure endogenous cortisol in nursing home residents with advanced dementia. Research in Nursing & Health 31:283-194, 2008.

136. Bruder ED, VanHoof J, Young JB, Raff H. Epidermal growth factor and parathyroid hormone-related peptide mRNA in the mammary gland and their concentrations in milk: effects of post-partum hypoxia in lactating rats. Horm Metab Res 40:446-453, 2008.

137. Raff H. Immulite vs. Scantibodies IRMA Plasma ACTH (Peer Reviewed Letter to the Editor with data). Clinical Chemistry 54:1409-1410, 2008

138. Bruder ED, Taylor JK, Kamer KJ, Raff H. Development of the ACTH and corticosterone response to acute hypoxia in the neonatal rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 295:R1195-R1203, 2008.

139. Raff H. Brock S, Findling JW. Cosyntropin-stimulated salivary cortisol in hospitalized patients with hypoproteinemia. Endocrine 34:68-74, 2008.

140. Carroll T, Raff H, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: a meta-analysis. Endocrine Practice 15:335-342, 2009

141. Wade M, Baid S, Kalis K, Raff H, Sinaii N, Nieman L. Technical details influence the diagnostic accuracy of the 1 mcg ACTH stimulation test. Eur J Endocrinol 162:109-113, 2010

142. Bruder ED, Raff H. Cardiac and plasma lipid profiles in response to acute hypoxia in neonatal and young adult rats. Lipids in Health and Disease 9:3, 2010 (doi:10.1186/1476-511X-9-3)

143. Bangaru MLY, Woodliff J, Raff H, Kansra S. Growth suppression of mouse pituitary corticotroph tumor AtT20 cells by curcumin: a model for treating Cushing's disease. PloS One 5:e9893, 2010 published 13 Apr 2010 | 10.1371/journal.pone.0009893

144. Cohen EP, Bruder ED, Cullinan WE, Ziegler D, Raff H. The effect of high dose total body irradiation on ACTH, corticosterone, and catecholamines in the rat. Translational Research 157:38-47, 2011

145. Kovach CR, Woods DL, Logan BR, Raff H. Diurnal variation of cortisol in people with dementia: relationship to cognition and illness burden. American Journal of Alzheimers Disease & Other Dementias 26:145-150, 2011

146. Bruder ED, Kamer KJ, Guenther MA, Raff H. Adrenocorticotropic hormone and corticosterone responses to acute hypoxia in the neonatal rat: effects of body temperature maintenance. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 300:R708-R715, 2011.

147. Raff H, Bruder ED, Cullinan WE, Ziegler D, Cohen EP. Effect of animal facility construction on basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and renin-aldosterone activity in the rat. Endocrinology 152:1218-1221, 2011.

148. Raff H, Ettema SL, Eastwood DC, Woodson BT. Salivary cortisol in obstructive sleep apnea: the effect of CPAP. Endocrine Online First, 25 April 2011 DOI 10:1007/s12020-011-9474-1.

149. Valentine AR, Raff H, Liu H, Ballesteros M, Rose JM, Jossart GH, Cirangle P, Bravata DM. Salivary Cortisol Increases After Bariatric Surgery in Women. Horm Metab Res (in press).

150. Sharma ST, Raff H, Nieman LK. Prolactin as a marker of successful catheterization during IPSS in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing’s Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 96: 3687–3694, 2011.

151. Guenther MA, Bruder ED, Raff H. Effects of body temperature maintenance on glucose, insulin, and corticosterone responses to acute hypoxia in the neonatal rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302:R627-R633, 2012

152. Kovach CR, Simpson MR, Joosse L, Logan BR, Noonan PE, Reynolds SA, Raff H. Comparison of the effectiveness of two protocols for treating nursing home residents with advanced dementia. Research in Gerontological Nursing 5:251-63, 2012.

153. Raff H, Singh RJ. Measurement of late night salivary cortisol and cortisone by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry to assess pre-analytical sample contamination with topical hydrocortisone. Clinical Chemistry 58:947-948, 2012.

154. Raff H, Trivedi H. Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol, plasma cortisol, and plasma ACTH in end-stage renal disease. Endocr Connect 1: 134–142, 2012

155. Caprirolo G, Ghanayem NS, Murkowski K, Nugent ML, Simpson PM, Raff H. Circadian rhythm of salivary cortisol in infants with congenital heart disease. Endocrine 43:214-218, 2013

156. Chintamaneni L. Bruder ED, Raff H. Effects of age on ACTH, corticosterone, glucose, insulin, and mRNA levels during intermittent hypoxia in the neonatal rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 304:R782-R789, 2013.

157. Johnson K, Bruder ED, Raff H. Adrenocortical control in the neonatal rat: ACTH- and cAMP-independent corticosterone production during hypoxia. Physiol Rep, 1 (3), 2013, e00054, doi: 10.1002/phy2.54.

158. Kovach CR, Woods DL, Devine EC, Logan BR, Raff H. Biobehavioral measures as outcomes: a cautionary tale. Res Gerontol Nurs 7:56-65, 2014.

159. Roberts CR, Stuhr KL, Hutz MJ, Raff H, Hillard CJ. Endocannabinoid signaling in HPA axis recovery following restraint stress: effects of indirect agonists and comparison of male and female mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 117: 17–24, 2014

160. Chintamaneni K, Bruder ED, and Raff H. Programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by neonatal intermittent hypoxia: effects on adult male ACTH and corticosterone responses are stress-specific. Endocrinology 155: 1763–1770, 2014

161. Bodager J, Gessert T, Bruder ED, Gehrand A, Raff H. Adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH in neonatal rats: correlation of corticosterone responses and adrenal cAMP content. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 307: R347–R353, 2014.

162. Dalmar A, Raff H, Chauhan SP, Singh M, Siddiqui DS. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, calcium and calcium-regulating hormones in preeclamptics and controls during first day postpartum. Endocrine 79:44-48, 2014

163. Raff H, Gehrand A, Bruder ED, Hoffman MJ, Engeland WC, Moreno C. The renin knockout rat: control of adrenal aldosterone and corticosterone synthesis in vitro and adrenal gene expression. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 308: R73–R77, 2015. – Chosen for APSselect – February, 2015

164. Trivedi H, Szabo A, Zhao S, Cantor T, Raff H. Circadian variation of mineral and bone parameters in end-stage renal disease. J. Nephrol. ePub DOI 10.1007/s40620-014-0124-6. 28:351-359, 2015.

165. Gehrand AL, Kaldunski ML, Bruder ED, Jia S, Hessner MJ, Raff H. Intermittent neonatal hypoxia elicits the upregulation of inflammatory-related genes in adult male rats through long-lasting programming effects. Physiol Rep, 3 (12), 2015, e12646, doi: 10.14814/phy2.12646

166. Nensey NK, Bodager J, Gehrand AL, Raff H. Effect of novel melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R) antagonists on the corticosterone response to ACTH in the neonatal rat adrenal gland in vivo and in vitro. Front. Endocrinol. 7:23, 2016. doi:10.3389/fendo.2016.00023

167. Venkatesan T, Zadvornova Y, Raff H, Hillard CJ. Endocannabinoid-related lipids are increased during an episode of cyclic vomiting syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 28:1409–1418, 2016

168. Gehrand AL, Hoeynck B, Jablonski M, Leonovicz C, Ye R, Scherer PE, Raff H. Sex differences in adult rat insulin and glucose responses to arginine: programming effects of neonatal separation, hypoxia, and hypothermia. Physiol Rep 4 (18), 2016, e12972, doi: 10.14814/phy2.12972

169. Raff H, Biru N, Reisinger N, Kramer D. Dissociation of ACTH and cortisol in septic and non-septic ICU patients. Endocrine 55:307–310, 2017

1. Fitzgerald RS, Raff H, Garger P , Anand A, and Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) presence and action in the carotid body. In ADV. PHYSIOL. SCI., Volume 14, Endocrinology, Neuroendocrinology, Neuropeptides II. E Stark, GB Makara, B Halasz, Gy Rappay, eds. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY, 1981, pp 255 258.

2. Fitzgerald RS, Raff H, Garger P, Fechter L, Anand A and Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the carotid body. In CHEMORECEPTION IN THE CAROTID BODY: Proceedings of the VIth International Meeting on Arterial Chemoreceptors. C Belmonte, DJ Pallot, H Acker and S Fidone, eds. Leicester University Press, 1981, pp 289 298.

3. Raff H. Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Neurohypophyseal Vasopressin Secretion. Am. J. Physiol (Regulatory, Integrative, Compar. Physiol.) 252:R635 R644, 1987

4. Raff H. Interactions between vasopressin and the CRF ACTH adrenocortical control system. In: VASOPRESSIN: CELLULAR AND INTEGRATIVE FUNCTIONS. A.W. Cowley, Jr., J F Liard, and D.A. Ausiello, editors. Raven Press, New York: 1988, p363 369.

5. Findling JW, Engeland WC, Raff H. The use of immunoradiometric assay for the measurement of ACTH in human plasma. Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism 1:283 287, 1990.

6. Raff H. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system during hypoxia. In: RESPONSE AND ADAPTATION TO HYPOXIA ORGAN TO ORGANELLE. S. Lahiri, N. Cherniak, and R.S. Fitzgerald, editors. Oxford University Press (American Physiological Society), New York: 1991, p211 222

7. Raff, H., R.C. Brickner, and B. Jankowski. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system during hypoxia: Is the adrenal an oxygen sensor? In: HYPOXIA AND MOUNTAIN MEDICINE. edited by J.R. Sutton, G. Coates, and C.S. Houston, Advances in the Biosciences, Vol. 84. Pergamon Press: Oxford and New York, 1992, p42 49.

8. Raff H. Interactions between neurohypophyseal hormones and the ACTH adrenocortical axis. In: THE NEUROHYPOPHYSIS: A WINDOW ON BRAIN FUNCTION. Edited by W.G. North, A.M. Moses, and L. Share. New York Academy of Sciences, New York: 1993, p411 425.

9. Findling JW and Raff H. Chapter 35: Ectopic ACTH. In: ENDOCRINE TUMORS. Mazzaferri EL and Samaan NA, eds. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Cambridge, 1993, p554-566.

10. Raff H. Endocrine adaptation to hypoxia. In: HANDBOOK OF PHYSIOLOGY, SECTION 4: Environmental Physiology Volume II. Edited by M.J. Fregly and C.M. Blatteis. American Physiological Society - Oxford University Press, New York, 1996, p1259-1275.

11. Raff, H. PHYSIOLOGY SECRETS. Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia, 1998, 346 pages

12. Raff H. Endocrine Physiology. In: PHYSIOLOGY SECRETS. Raff H, ed. Hanley & Belfus, Phildelphia, 1998, p175-221.

13. Raff H. Suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and other systemic effects of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma. The Endocrinologist 8:9-14, 1998.

14. Raff H. Salivary cortisol: a useful measurement in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome and the evaluation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis. The Endocrinologist 10:9-17, 2000.

15. Findling JW and Raff H. Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 30:729-747, 2001.

16. Raff, H. PHYSIOLOGY SECRETS 2nd Edition. Hanley & Belfus, Philadelphia, 2003, 414 pages

17. Findling JW and Raff H. Newer diagnostic techniques and problems in Cushing's disease. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America 28:191-210, 1999.

18. Raff H and Cullinan WE. Hypothalamus-neuroendocrinology. In: NEUROSCIENCE SECRETS. Wong-Riley M, ed. Hanley and Belfus, Philadelphia, 1999, p238-251

19. Raff H. Endocrine Physiology. In: PHYSIOLOGY SECRETS 2nd Edition. Raff H, ed. Hanley & Belfus, 2003, p199-244.

20. Raff H and Shaker JL. Bone physiology. In: PHYSIOLOGY SECRETS 2nd Edition. Raff H, ed. Hanley & Belfus, 2003, p245-248.

21. Raff H and Findling JW. A physiologic approach to the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Annals of Internal Medicine 138:980-991, 2003

22. Raff H. The role of salivary cortisol determinations in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Current Opinion in Endocrinology and Diabetes 11:271-275. 2004.

23. Raff H. Neonatal dexamethasone therapy: short and long-term consequences. Trends Endo Metab 15:351-352, 2004.

24. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander, Sherman, & Luciano's HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2004, 823 pages.

25. Findling JW and Raff H (Guest Editors). CUSHING'S SYNDROME. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. Vol 34 Number 2 June 2005.

26. Findling JW and Raff H. Screening and diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. In: CUSHING'S SYNDROME. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 34:385-402, 2005.

27. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander's HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 10th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2006, 827 pages.

28. Findling JW and Raff H. Cushing's syndrome: important issues in diagnosis and management. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab 91:3746-3753, 2006

29. Rosner W, Auchus RJ, Azziz R, Sluss PM, Raff H. Utility, limitations and pitfalls in measuring testosterone: an Endocrine Society Position Statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 92:405-413, 2007

30. Findling JW, Raff H. Cushing's Disease: Diagnostic Evaluation. In: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF PITUITARY DISORDERS. Swearingen B, Biller BMK, eds. Humana Press, Totowa NJ, 2008, p187-221.

31. Raff H, Sluss PM. Pre-analytical issues for testosterone and estradiol assays. Steroids 73:1297-1304, 2008

32. Raff H. Cushing's syndrome: diagnosis using late-night salivary cortisol measurement. Clinical Laboratory International (CLI) 12:6-8, Dec 2008-Jan 2009

33. Carroll T, Raff H, Findling JW. Late-night salivary cortisol measurement in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 6:344-350, 2008.

34. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander's HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 11th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2008, 770 pages.

35. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander's HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill, Boston, 2011, 754 pages.

36. Raff H, Levitzky M. MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, 2011, 786 pages.

37. Raff H. Utility of salivary cortisol measurements in Cushing's syndrome and adrenal insufficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:3647-3655, 2009

38. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander’s HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 12th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2011, 754 pages.

39. Raff H, Levitzky M. MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY: A SYSTEMS APPROACH. McGraw-Hill Medical, New York, 2011, 786 pages.

40. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander’s HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 13th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2014, 800 pages.

41. Raff H. Cushing’s syndrome: diagnosis and surveillance using salivary cortisol. Pituitary 15:64-70, 2012

42. Widmaier EP, Raff H, Strang KT. Vander’s HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY: The Mechanisms of Body Function, 14th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2016, 784 pages.

43. Raff H. Update on late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing’s Syndrome: methodological considerations. Endocrine 44:346–349, 2013

44. Raff H, Sharma ST, Nieman LK. Physiological basis for the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of adrenal disorders: Cushing’s syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Compr Physiol 4:739-768, 2014

45. Raff H. Cushing Syndrome: Update on Testing. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 44:43–50, 2015

46. Raff H, Carroll T. Cushing’s syndrome: from physiological principles to diagnosis and clinical care. J. Physiol. (UK) 593:493–506, 2015.

47. Findling JW, Raff H. Neoplastic/Pathological and Nonneoplastic/Physiological Hypercortisolism: Cushing Versus Pseudo-Cushing Syndromes. IN: THE HYPOTHALAMIC-PITUITARY-ADRENAL AXIS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE: CUSHING'S SYNDROME AND BEYOND. Gear, E, ed. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2017, p111- 136. DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-45950-9_6

48. Findling JW, Raff H. Differentiation of Pathologic/Neoplastic Hypercortisolism (Cushing Syndrome) from Physiologic/Non-neoplastic Hypercortisolism (formerly known as Pseudo-Cushing Syndrome). European Journal of Endocrinology 176:R205–R216, 2017.

1. Raff H. Renin angiotensin aldosterone system during acute hypoxemia (Letter to the Editor). J. Appl. Physiol. 59:1026, 1985.

2. Findling JW and Raff H. Selective hypoaldosteronism and impairment of angiotensin II production. (Reply to Letter to the Editor). New Engl. J. Med. 317:1739 1740, 1987.

3. Colice GL, Farber M, Rose CE, Raff H, and Ramirez G. Fluid balance in acute and chronic lung disease (Editorial). Am. Rev. Resp. Dis. 138:1052, 1988

4. Breslow MJ, Tobin JR, Kubos KL, Traystman RJ, and Raff H. Coupling of adrenal blood flow and secretion. (Reply to Letter to the Editor). Am J. Physiol. (Heart Circ. Physiol.) 30:H1351, 1991.

5. Dawson, C.A., A.W. Cowley, Jr, G.B. Spurr, J.L. Osborn, H. Raff, et al. Performance on multiple choice/short answer tests is not a sufficient criterion for evaluating the educational value of live animal laboratories in the teaching of physiology. Am. J. Physiol. (Adv. Physiol. Educ.) 261:S34 S35, 1991.

6. Raff H. Technical Notes: Immunoradiometric Assay. Endocrine News 19:6, 1994.

7. Raff H, Shaker JL, Findling JW. Rapid ACTH immunochemiluminescence Assay. Nichols Institute Breakthrough 2:5-6, 1994

8. Raff H. What are the afferent mechanisms of hypotension-induced vasopressin release? News in Physiological Sciences 9:281, 1994

9. Samson WK and Raff H. Book Review: Grant Application Writer's Handbook. Endocrine News 21:6&8, 1996

10. Raff H. Clinical case conference as an adjunct to lectures in medical physiology. Advances in Physiology Education 17:S48-S49, 1997

11. Raff H. NIH post-doc experience. The Scientist, June 21, 1999, p 12

12. Raff H, Shaker JL, Magill SB, Kehoe ME, and Findling JW. PTHrp during petrosal sinus sampling. Clin Endocrinol 56:419-420, 2002.

13. Raff H. A suggestion for the multiple author issue. Science 301: 55-57, 2003.

14. Raff H. The significance of the blood gas analyzer. J Appl Physiol 97: 1597-1598, 2004

15. Raff H, Benos D, Reich M. Introduction to the classic papers commemorating the APS Legacy Project. J Appl Physiol 97: 1589-1590, 2004; Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 287: H1883-H1884, 2004; Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 287: C1163-C1164, 2004, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 287: F859 - F860, 2004; Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 287: E811 - E812, 2004; Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol 287: R1005 - R1006, 2004; Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, 287: L891 - L892, 2004; Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 287: G939 - G940, 2004.

16. Raff H. Using classic papers to teach physiology. Advan. Physiol. Edu. 29:138, 2005

17. Raff H, Molthen R, Pan W, Kastin AJ. Commentaries on Viewpoint: Effect of altitude on leptin levels, does it go up or down? Control of leptin with altitude exposure J Appl Physiol 105: 1686-1687, 2008.

18. Raff H, Findling JW. Salivary cortisol or cortisone? Nature Clinical Practice Endocrinology & Metabolism 6:658-660, 2010

19. Rosner W, Vesper H on behalf of The Endocrine Society (H Raff on committee). Toward excellence in testosterone testing: a consensus statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95:4542-4548, 2010.

20. Raff H. Salivary cortisol and the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: a coming of age. Endocrine 41:353–354, 2012

21. Raff H. The realities of salivary cortisol sampling in the real world: Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Belaya and Melnichenko. Endocrine 42:224-225, 2012

22. Raff H. Update on late-night salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: methodological considerations. Endocrine 44:346–349, 2013

23. Raff H, Brown D. Civil, sensible, and constructive peer review in APS journals. Adv Physiol Educ 37:211-212, 2013; Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 305:C239-C240, 2013; Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 305:G205-G206, 2013; Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 305:E315-E316, 2013; Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 305:(3) F227-F228, 2013; Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 305:H265-H266, 2013; Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 305:L203-L204, 2013; J Neurophysiol 110:573-574, 2013; Physiol. Genomics 45:629-630, 2013; Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 305:R171-R172, 2013; J Appl Physiol 115:295-296, 2013.

24. Raff H, Auchus RJ, Findling JW, Nieman L. Urine free cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome: Is it worth doing and, if so, how? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:395-397, 2015.

25. Raff H. Measurement of salivary cortisol to assess the adequacy of hydrocortisone replacement. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101:1350–1352, 2016.

26. Raff H. News & Views: Do the effects of the triorganotin tributyltin on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vivo contribute to its environmental toxicity? Endocrinology 157:2996–2998, 2016.

27. Raff H. Commentary: CORT, Cort, B, corticosterone and now cortistatin: enough already! Endocrinology 57:3307–3308, 2016

28. Raff H and Magill SB. Is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis disrupted in type 2 diabetes mellitus? Endocrine 54:273–275, 2016

1. Fitzgerald RS, Hauer C, Raff H. The direct effect of CO2 on the diaphragm. The Physiologist 20:29, 1977

2. Fitzgerald RS, Hauer C, and Raff H. The direct effect of hypercapnea on the rat diaphragm. American Review of Respiratory Disease 117:335, 1978

3. Raff H, Garger P, Fechter LD, Tzankoff SP, and Fitzgerald RS. Adrenal responses to hypoxemia. Fed. Proc. 38:982, 1979

4. Raff H, Tzankoff SP, and Fitzgerald RS. Cortisol and ACTH responses to hypoxic and carbon monoxide hypoxia. Fed. Proc. 39:489, 1980

5. Fitzgerald RS, Raff H, Garger P, Anand A, and Said SI. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and the carotid body. Fed. Proc. 39:594, 1980.

6. Fitzgerald RS, Raff H, Garger P, Anand A, and Said SI. A role for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the carotid body. Proc. Inter. Union of Physiol. Sci. 14:412, 1980

7. Fitzgerald RS, Garger P, Fechter L, Raff H, and Hauer C. Hypoxia, hypercapnea, and catecholamine release in the cat carotid body. The Physiologist 23:68, 1980

8. Raff H, Tzankoff SP, and Fitzgerald RS. The role of peripheral arterial chemoreceptors in the cortisol and ACTH responses to hypoxic hypoxia. Fed. Proc. 40:418, 1981

9. Raff H, Shinsako J, and Dallman MF. Surgery potentiates the ACTH and corticosteroid responses to hypoxia. Fed. Proc. 41:4915, 1982

10. Raff H and Shinsako J. Hypercapnia increases the ACTH and corticosteroid response to graded hypoxia. Endocrinology 110:383A, 1982

11. Raff H, Shinsako J, and Dallman MF. ACTH and corticosteroid responses to isocapnic hypoxia: the effect of the rate of change of PaO2. Fed. Proc. 43:726, 1983

12. Fitzgerald RS, Hauer MC, Bierkamper GG, Bassett DJP, and Raff H. Rat diaphragm response to unbuffered/buffered acidosis/alkalosis. Fed Proc. 43:1012, 1983

13. Raff H, Maselli J, and Reid IA. Plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentration during hypoxia in dogs: evidence against converting enzyme inhibition. Fed. Proc. 43:271, 1984

14. Raff H, Shinsako J, Wade CE, Keil LC, and Dallman MF. Comparison of the stimulatory effects of ACTH and angiotensin II on aldosterone and corticosteroid levels in conscious dogs. 7th International Congress of Endocrinology. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam. 1984, p1102.

15. Segerson TP, Raff H, Katzoff MN, Levy SA and Findling JW. Intermittent Ectopic Cushing's sydrome: localization of an occult ACTH source by selective bronchial lavage for ACTH. 7th International Congress of Endocrinology. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam. 1984, p1395.

16. Raff H, TP Segerson, TJ Quirk, BA Pogacar, SA Feldmann, DE Beyerl, KK Livergood, DA Parworth, MN Katzoff, I Margolis, and SA Levy. Renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels in patients with lung disease: the effects of hypoxia and exercise. Fed. Proc. 44:6787, 1985.

17. Segerson TP, JW Findling, and H. Raff. Effect of indomethacin on potassium stimulated aldosterone secretion. Fed. Proc. 44:4613, 1985

18. Waters VO, Findling JW, and H. Raff. Correlation of angiotensin II and renin levels in critically ill patients. Fed. Proc. 44:6786, 1985.

19. Waters VO, H. Raff, and J.W. Findling. Measurement of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone levels in critically ill patients. Critical Care Medicine 13:282, 1985

20. Raff, H, D. Merrill, M. Skelton, and AW Cowley. Neurohypophysectomy attenuates the ACTH response to hypotension but not to CRF in conscious dogs. Endocrinology 116:494A, 1985.

21. Findling JW, VO Waters, TP Segerson, and H. Raff. Hyperreninemic hypoaldosteronism in the critically ill: evaluation of angiotensin II, ACTH, and potassium levels. Endocrinology 116:546A, 1985.

22. Raff H, R. Sandri, and TP Segerson. Interaction of hemorrhage and hypoxia in the control of blood pressure, renin, ACTH, and adrenal function in conscious rats. The Physiologist 28:274, 1985

23. Cogswell TL, GA Bernath, H Raff, DM Peterson, DJ Janzer, and HS Klopfenstein. Elevations in total peripheral resistance during cardiac tamponade depend on both alpha adrenergic and renin angiotensin mechanisms. Circulation 72:III 354, 1985

24. Cogswell TL, GA Bernath, H Raff, DJ Janzer, DM Peterson, and HS Klopfenstein. Alpha adrenergic and renin angiotensin mechanisms modulate the increase in total peripheral resistance during cardiac tamponade. Clinical Research 33:802A, 1985

25. Roarty TP, KJ Chadwick, and H. Raff. Renin responses to hemorrhage in conscious rats. Federation Proceedings 45:186, 1986.

26. Findling J, T Segerson, P Gotch, H Raff, T Schmahl, A Tector, A Tector III. Use of a continuous intravenous insulin infusion in 101 diabetic cardiac surgery patients. Diabetes 35 (Suppl #1):459, 1986

27. Raff H, D Merrill, M. Skelton, and AW Cowley, Jr. CRF induced increases in vasopressin and ACTH in conscious dogs are potentiated by an osmotic stimulus. Endocrinology 118:654A, 1986

28. Raff H, D. Merrill, M. Skelton, and A.W. Cowley, Jr. Vasopressin responses to CRF in conscious dogs. Proceedings of the International Union of Physiological Sciences 16:379, 1986.

29. Klopfenstein HS, TL Cogswell, GA Bernath, and H. Raff. Humoral and adrenergic mechanisms modulate the increase in total peripheral resistance during acute cardiac tamponade in conscious dogs. Proceedings of the International Union of Physiological Sciences Volume 16:290, 1986.

30. Cogswell TL, GA Bernath, H Raff, HS Klopfenstein. The role of humoral and adrenergic influences on total peripheral resistance during acute cardiac tamponade in conscious dogs. Clinical Research 34:290A, 1986.

31. Raff H, D. Merrill, M. Skelton, and A.W. Cowley, Jr. Vasopressin responses to corticotropin releasing factor in conscious dogs: glucocorticoid suppression. Abstracts of the 1st International Congress of Neuroendocrinology. Neuroendocrinology: S. Karger: Basel. 1986. p44, abstract #85.

32. Raff H, TL Cogswell, GA Bernath, and HS Klopfenstein. Vasopressin and ACTH responses to acute cardiac tamponade in conscious dogs. Clinical Research 34:899A, 1986

33. Findling JW, AH Adams, and H. Raff. Endogenous angiotensin II deficiency: A cause of selective hypoaldosteronism. Clinical Research 34:908A, 1986

34. Raff H, RJ Flemma, AJ Norton, JW Findling. Angiotensin II generation during cardiopulmonary bypass in humans. Federation Proceedings 46: 1266, 1987

35. Raff H, DK Nelson, AJ Norton, RJ Flemma, and JW Findling. Inhibition of the ACTH response to surgery in humans: corticosteroid fentanyl interaction. Endocrinology 120:486A, 1987.

36. Raff H, MM Skelton, DC Merrill, and AW Cowley, Jr. Role of vasopressin in the ACTH response to hypotension in neurohypophysectomized, conscious dogs. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 13:1372, 1987

37. Findling J, M Kehoe, and H. Raff. Bilateral petrosal sinus ACTH sampling in Cushing's syndrome: early recognition of the occult ectopic ACTH syndrome. Clinical Research 35, 844A, 1987.

38. Mattson DL, H Raff, and RJ Roman. Modulation of the pressure natriuresis relationship by angiotensin. 20th Annual Meeting Abstracts Am Soc Nephrology, 264A.

39. Raff H, RF Lewin, MM Skelton, AW Cowley Jr, JW Findling, JF King, and G. Dorros. Transient aortic obstruction increases atrial natriuretic peptide and vasopressin but not renin levels in patients with heart failure. FASEB Journal 2:A307, 1988.

40. Griffen SC, MM Skelton, and H Raff. Vasopressin levels during hypoxia in conscious, cannulated rats. FASEB Journal 2:A1483, 1988.

41. Mattson DL, H Raff, and RJ Roman. Effects of captopril and angiotensin II (AII) on cortical and papillary blood flow in rats. FASEB Journal 2:A1272, 1988

42. Merrill DC, TJ Ebert, MM Skelton, H Raff, J Lemann Jr, and AW Cowley Jr. Angiotensin II sensitization of aldosterone responsiveness to plasma sodium in man. FASEB Journal 2:A1322, 1988.

43. Raff H and Flemma RJ. Fast feedback inhibition of the ACTH response to surgery in humans. Endocrinology 122:918A, 1988.

44. Diaz SD, Waters VO, Raff H, and Findling JW. Dissociation of renin and aldosterone in critical illness: responses to ACTH and metoclopramide. Endocrinology 122:123A, 1988.

45. Raff H, Ball DL, and Goodfriend TL. The effect of hypoxia on aldosterone secretion in vitro. Clinical Research 36:835A, 1988.

46. Raff H, Lewin RF, Skelton MM, Cowley AW Jr, Findling JW, King JF and Dorros G. Atrial septal puncture and mitral valve obstruction independently increase atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with congestive heart failure. FASEB J 3:A917, 1989.

47. Griffen SC, Jankowski B, Skelton MM, and Raff H. Water restriction augments the vasopressin response to hypoxia in conscious cannulated rats. FASEB J 3:A245, 1989.

48. Rossing MH, Griffen SC, and Raff H. Diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through pump tubing. FASEB Journal 3:A274, 1989.

49. Raff H, Findling JW, and Wong J. Ultra short loop inhibition of ACTH secretion after ACTH(1 24) administration in man cannot be detected by two site immunoradiometric assay. Abstract #1750 71st Endocrine Society Meeting, 1989

50. Findling JW, Shaker JL, Hanson JP, Engeland W, Graeber CT, Wong J, and Raff H. Clinical evaluation of a two site immunoradiometric assay for ACTH(1 39) in normal subjects and patients with pituitary adrenal disorders. Abstract #1749, 71st Endocrine Society Meeting, 1989.

51. Wood CE and Raff H. Noninteraction of baroreceptors and chemoreceptors in the control of plasma renin activity responses to fetal hypoxia. The Physiologist 32:170, 1989.

52. Wood CE and Raff H. Fetal chemoreceptor control of renin responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia. Circulation 80:II 469, 1989.

53. Raff H, Brummitt C, Buggy B, Gilson I, McNamara M, and Findling J. Subnormal aldosterone responses to ACTH in patients with HIV infection. Clinical Research 37:897A, 1989

54. Raff H, Ball DL, and Goodfriend TL. Adrenal glomerulosa cells are oxygen sensitive: low PO2 inhibits aldosteronogenesis in vitro. In: Hypoxia: The Adaptations, Sutton JR, Coates G, and Remmers JE, editors. B.C. Decker Inc, Toronto, 1990, p281, Abstract 26.

55. Raff H, Kohandarvish S, Jankowski B. Aldosterone secretion in vitro is oxygen sensitive. FASEB Journal 4:1604A, 1990.

56. Raff H, Papanek PE, Skelton MM, Cowley AW Jr. ACTH and vasopressin responses to insulin hypoglycemia in intact and neurohypophysectomized conscious dogs. Program of the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Atlanta, USA, Abstract #43

57. Brickner RC, Jankowski B, Raff H. Potassium stimulated aldosteronogenesis is oxygen sensitive. Program of the 72nd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Atlanta, USA, Abstract #1102.

58. Doepker SK, Jankowski B, Raff H. Vasopressin response to almitrine in normoxic and hypoxic conscious rats. FASEB Journal 5:A373, 19091 (Abstract 17)

59. Raff H, Nelson DK, Findling JW, and Kay J. Acute and chronic suppression of ACTH and cortisol after epidural steroid administration in humans. Program of the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Washington, USA, Abstract #65.

60. Brickner RC, Jankowski BM, and Raff H. Oxygen sensitive steroidogenesis: inhibition of conversion of corticosterone to aldosterone in cyanoketone treated adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. Program of the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Washington, USA, Abstract #143.

61. Wood CE and Raff H. Arterial baroreceptors do not modulate the vasopressin response to hypoxia in late gestation fetal sheep. The Physiologist 34:241, 1991 (Abstract 27.12)

62. Kay J, Raff H, Findling JW. Epidural triamcinalone causes prolonged and severe suppression of the pituitary adrenal axis. Anesthesiology 75:A694, 1991.

63. Raff H and Jankowski B. Interaction of hypercapnic acidosis and hypoxia on aldosteronogenesis in vitro. FASEB J. 6:4852, 1992.

64. Papanek PE, Cowley AW, Schmitt GW, and Raff H. Effect of hypotension and hyperosmolality on vasopressin and ACTH responses to hypoglycemia in conscious dogs. FASEB J. 6:3038, 1992

65. Doepker, S.K., B. Jankowski, and H. Raff. The sensitivity of aldosterone synthesis to carbon monoxide vs. low oxygen in vitro. 74th Annual Endocrine Society Meetings, San Antonio, TX, 1992, Abstract #82.

66. Schwartz, J., P. Ash, and H. Raff. Glucocorticoid induced inhibition of the pituitary ACTH response to AVP: effect of elimination of CRF target cells. 74th Annual Endocrine Society Meetings, San Antonio, TX, 1992, Abstract #1312.

67. Papanek, P.E., B. Jankowski, and H. Raff. Differential sensitivity of the aldosteronogenic pathway to hypoxia during maturation in rabbits. 75th Annual Endocrine Society Meetings, Las Vegas, NV, 1993, Abstract #1528

68. Raff, H and P.E. Papanek. Chronic physiological increases in cortisol inhibit vasopressin in conscious dogs. 75th Annual Endocrine Society Meetings, Las Vegas, NV, 1993, Abstract #788

69. Kay, J, H. Raff, and J.W. Findling. Epidural triamcinolone causes prolonged and severe suppression of the pituitary adrenal axis. Regional Anesthesia 18:55, 1993.

70. Torres, A. and H. Raff. Renin aldosterone dissociation in critically ill children. 6th Pediatric Critical Care Colloquium, Philadelphia, PA, March, 1993.

71. Buggy BP, Brummitt CF, Gilson IH, Bernstein BM, Raff H, and Findling JW. Longitudinal evaluation of adrenocortical function in patients with HIV 1 infection. IXth International Conference on AIDS, Berlin, Germany, 1993

72. Raff, H, P.E. Papanek, J F Liard, and A.W. Cowley. Intracarotid vasopressin infusion normalizes the ACTH response to hypotension in neurohypophysectomized, conscious dogs. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 19, 415, 1993

73. Raff H, Jankowski B, and Papanek PE. Hypoxia inhibits aldosterone production from rat adrenocortical zona glomerulosa cells in vitro. FASEB J. 8:A554, 1994

74. Papanek PE and Raff H. Chronic physiological increases in cortisol inhibit the vasopressin response to hypertonic saline in conscious dogs. FASEB J. 8:A824, 1994

75. Raff H, Shaker JL, Seifert PE, Werner PH, Hazelrigg SR, and Findling JW. Intraoperative measurement of ACTH during removal of ACTH-secreting bronchial carcinoid tumors. 76th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, 1994, Abstract #42.

76. Raff H and Jankowski B. Oxygen dependence of side-chain cleavage and aldosterone synthase in mitochondria isolated from bovine zona glomerulosa cells. 76th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, 1994, Abstract #220.

77. Brickner RC, Raff H, Shaker JL, Findling JW. Increased ACTH by immunoradiometric assay is an early indicator of primary adrenal insufficiency. 76th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Anaheim, CA, 1994, Abstract #1266.

78. Lucero P, Jankowski B, Papanek PE, Raff H. Aldosterone production in vitro in zona glomerulosa cells from rats exposed to hypoxia in vivo. FASEB J. 9:A597, 1995.

79. Raff H, Lucero P, Cowles VE, Papanek PE. Vasopressin response to corticotropin-releasing factor and hypertonicity before and after abdominal vagotomy in conscious dogs. FASEB J. 9:A263, 1995.

80. Papanek PE, Sladek CD, and Raff H. The effect of corticosterone and RU486 on vasopressin responses to hyperosmolality in rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants. FASEB J. 9:A264, 1995

81. Raff H, Kehoe ME, and Findling JW. DDAVP increases inferior petrosal sinus ACTH concentration in patients with pituitary and ectopic ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome. 77th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Washington, DC, 1995, OR39-6, p100.

82. Findling JW, Raff H, Hansson JH, Lifton RP. Liddle's syndrome: a new kindred with a unique mutation in the -subunit of the renal epithelial sodium channel clinically identified by hypoaldosteronism. 77th Annual Endocrine Society Meeting, Washington, DC, 1995, OR10-2, p59.

83. Raff H, Jankowski B, Engeland WC, Oaks MK, Papanek PE. Hypoxia in vivo inhibits the expression of aldosterone synthase (P450aldo) mRNA levels in the rat adrenal cortex. FASEB J 10:A812, 1996

84. Papanek PE, Jankowski BM, Baker JE, Goodfriend TL, Raff H. Exposure to hypoxia from birth increases free fatty acids and inhibits aldosterone production in rabbits. FASEB J 10:A812, 1996.

85. Shaker JL, Kay J, Findling JW, Raff H. Epidural corticosteroid therapy is associated with a decrease in plasma osteocalcin. 10th International Congress of Endocrinology, San Francisco, CA 1996, P1-971, p377.

86. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Shaker JL, Brickner RC, Raff H. Correlation of the interpetrosal sinus gradient with the location of ACTH-secreting microadenomas. Program of the 4th International Pituitary Congress, pF9, 1996.

87. Raff H, Jankowski BM, Engeland WC, Oaks MK. Aldosterone synthase (P450c11AS) activity and mRNA expression in adrenal cells from neonatal rats exposed to hypoxia from birth. 23rd International Aldosterone Conference, Minneapolis, MN, June 1997.

88. Magill SB, Raff H, Shaker J, Brickner RC, Knechtges TE, Kehoe ME, Findling JW. Comparison of adrenal vein sampling and CT in the differentiation of primary aldosteronism. Endo '97: 79 Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Minneapolis, MN, June 1997, Abstract P3-164.

89. Raff H, Raff JL, Findling JW. Measurement of salivary cortisol in normal subjects and patients with Cushing's syndrome. Endo '97: 79 Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Minneapolis, MN, June 1997, Abstract OR28-4.

90. Raff JL, Raff H, Findling JW, Rudman I, Mattson D, Hammel G, Sasse E, Sheldahl L, Wilson C, Duthie E. Salivary cortisol levels are elevated in the evening in elderly women and men. Endo '98. 80th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society, Abstract P1-421

91. Raff H, Bruder E, Jankowski B, Goodfriend TL. The effect of 7 days of hypoxia in the neonatal and infant rat: plasma lipids, fatty acids, and lactate. Experimental Biology '99, Washington, D.C. Abstract 366.1, p130

92. Findling JW, Shaker HL, Brickner RC, Magill SB, Lalande BM, Raff H. Low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing cannot be used to exclude Cushing's Syndrome. 81st Annual Endocrine Society Meeting Abstracts, 1999, San Diego, Abstract OR21-3, p90.

93. Raff H, Bruder ED, Nagler AK, Jankowski BM. The effect of hypoxia in vitro on cAMP and steroid production from rat adrenal cells. FASEB J 14:A639, 2000. Abstract 462.8.

94. Raff H, Bruder ED, Jankowski BM. Effect of neonatal hypoxia from birth on corticosterone, leptin, and insulin at 7 days of age and after 14 days of normoxic recovery in the rat. Endocrine Society 82nd Annual Meeting, 2000, Toronto, CAN, Abstract 878, p215

95. Raff H, Findling JW, Singh RJ. Salivary cortisol/cortisone measurements: Cushing's syndrome and statins. Endocrine Society 83nd Annual Meeting, 2001, Denver, CO, Abstract OR21-1, p95

96. Bruder ED, Raff H, Goodfriend TL, and Ball DL. A metabolite of linoleic acid stimulates corticosterone production in the rat adrenal cortex. Abstract of 84th Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Abstract P1-505, 2002.

97. Sujatanond P, Shaker JL, Lalande BM, Raff H, Findling JW. Hyperthyroidism increases morbidity in patients who undergo open-heart surgery: a retrospective analysis at the single institution. Abstract of 85th Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Abstract P1-508, 2003.

98. Taylor RL, Grebe SK, Findling JW, Raff H, Singh RL. Diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome with a sensitive and specific LC-MS/MS method for late night salivary cortisol. Abstract of 85th Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Abstract P2-563, 2003.

99. Bruder ED, Goodfriend TL, Ball DL, Raff H. Corticosterone responses to an oxidized metabolite of linoleic acid by rat adrenal cells in vitro: interaction with ACTH, and roles of cAMP and PKC. Abstract of 85th Annual Meeting of Endocrine Society, Abstract P3-176, 2003.

100. Bruder ED, Lee PC, Raff H. Hepatic lipid profiling in the neonatal rat: effects of hypoxia and dexamethasone. Program of the NIH Conference - Lipids and Pathophysiology of Obesity. May 10-11, 2004, Abstract #4.

101. Findling JW, Kehoe ME, Raff H. Prolactin as an index of pituitary venous effluent: identification of patients with Cushing's disease with negative pituitary ACTH gradients during inferior petrosal sinus sampling. Abstracts of 86th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2004), Abstract P2-452, 2004.

102. Bruder ED, Raff H, Ball DL, Goodfriend TL. An oxidized metabolite of linoleic acid modulates androgen production by isolated human adrenocortical cells. Abstracts of 86th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2004), Abstract P3-295.

103. Brock SA, Raff H, Findling JW. Cosyntropin-stimulated salivary cortisol as a surrogate for serum free cortisol in hospitalized patients. Abstracts of 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2005). Abstract P3-434

104. Klinger JE, Bruder ED, Raff H. Steroidogenesis in neonatal vs. adult rats: effects of catecholamines and NPY. Abstracts of 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2005). Abstract P2-303

105. Bruder ED, Jacobson L, Raff H. Effects of dexamethasone on leptin, ghrelin, and corticosterone and on pituitary POMC and CRHR1 mRNA expression in the normoxic and hypoxic neonatal rat. Abstracts of 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2005). Abstract P3-4

106. Liu H, Cabaccan J, Raff H, Findling J, Ryzen E. Late-night salivary cortisol as a screening test for Cushing's syndrome in male obese diabetic veterans. Abstracts of 87th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2005). Abstract P2-523

107. Bruder ED, Lee JJ, Widmaier EP, Raff H. Microarray and real-time PCR analysis of adrenal gland gene expression in the 7-day old rat: effects of hypoxia from birth. Abstracts of 88th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2006). Abstract P1-500.

108. Kidambi S, Raff H, Findling JW. The diagnosis of mild Cushing's syndrome in patients with normal urine free cortisol: utility of nocturnal salivary cortisol Abstracts of 88th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2006). Abstract P3-871.

109. Carroll T, Raff H, Findling JW. Nocturnal salivary cortisol for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: a meta-analysis. Abstracts of 90th Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2008). Abstract OR40-3

110. Mepani JB, Findling JW, Salvatori R, Toth DW, Nora EH, Raff H. Discordant Late-Night Salivary Cortisol Results: A Retrospective Analysis. Abstracts of 91st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2009). Abstract P1-623

111. Bangaru MLY, Woodliff J, Chen S, Raff H, Kansra S. A Novel Therapeutic Agent for Cushing's Disease: Curcumin (Diferyloylmethone) Inhibits Proliferation and ACTH Secretion in AtT20 Cells. Abstracts of 91st Annual Meeting of the Endocrine Society (Endo2009). Abstract P3-577

112. Cohen E, Bruder ED, Jankowski BM, Raff H. Pituitary-adrenal function after total body irradiation: effect of head shielding. J. Investigat. Med 58:671, 2010

113. Raff H, Trivedi H. Assessment of the Circadian Rhythm of the HPA Axis in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Using Salivary and Serum Cortisol. Endocrine Reviews 31:S1575, 2010

114. Bruder ED, Kamer KJ, Guenther MA, Raff H. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenocortical, Catecholamine, Glucose, and Endocrine Pancreas Responses to Acute Hypoxia in the Neonatal Rat: Effect of Spontaneous Hypothermia Versus Maintenance of Body Temperature. Am Acad Peds National Conference and Exhibition, 2010, San Francisco, CA, Abstract 8887 - Oral Presentation

115. Guenther MA, ED Bruder, and Raff H. Interaction of acute hypoxia and body temperature on metabolic and endocrine responses in the neonatal rat: effect of preventing spontaneous hypothermia. Experimental Biology 2011, Abstract 1110.7

116. Sharma ST, Raff H, Nieman LK. Prolactin as a marker of successful catheterization during inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome. Endocr Rev 32: P3-536

117. Sharma ST, Raff H, Nieman LK. Prolactin as a marker of successful catheterization during inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) in patients with ACTH-dependent Cushing syndrome. Endocr Rev 32: P3-536, 2011

118. Guenther MA, Bruder ED, Chintamaneni K, Raff H. Insulin, C-peptide, glucose, and heart rate responses to acute intermittent hypoxia in the neonatal rat: body temperature and chemical sympathectomy. Experimental Biology 2012, Abstract 896.1

119. Chintamaneni K, Bruder ED, Guenther MA, Raff H. Response of the HPA axis to intermittent hypoxia in the neonatal rat: ACTH, corticosterone, and the expression of adrenal mRNAs. Experimental Biology 2012, Abstract 896.5

120. Miranda A, Raff H, Williams S. Salivary Amylase as a Biomarker for Functional Abdominal Pain in Children: Role of Sleep and Melatonin. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. Volume 55, Suppl 1, October 2012.

121. Johnson K, Bruder ED, Engeland WC, Raff H. Acute hypoxia in neonatal rats: a novel ACTH- and cAMP-independent control of adrenal function. Experimental Biology 2013, Abstract 1207.4

122. Chintamaneni K., Bruder E, Guenther MA, Raff H. Intermittent hypoxia in the neonate leads to an augmented stress response in adult rats. Experimental Biology 2013, Abstract 938.5

123. Bruder ED, Nunez L, Hoffman MJ, Moreno C, Raff H. Control of aldosterone release in vitro in the renin knockout rat. Experimental Biology 2013, Abstract 909.3

124. Sharma ST, Raff H, Lonser RR, Oldfield EH, Nieman LK. Does prolactin measurements improve lateralization during IPSS in patients with Cushing’s disease? ENDO13 Abstract OR42-2

125. Venkatesan T, Samuel EA, Kumar N, Sengupta J, Ali M, Faddis M, Raff H, Hillard C. The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis in Adults With Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS). Gastroenterology 144 (5), S-924, 2013

126. Agrawal ST, Rajca B, Leo J, Kumaravel V, Fahler J, Raff H, Guda NM. Progression of fellow's competence in ERCP training: the Proficient Study. Gastroenterology 81 (5), AB164-AG165, 2015.

127. Nensey NK, Bodager J, Gehrand A, Raff H. Effect of a novel melanocortin type 2 receptor (MC2R) antagonist on the corticosterone response to ACTH in the neonatal rat. ENDO16 Abstract SUN 406

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2. Salivary Cortisol Test for Cushing’s Syndrome - Patient Information – Cushing’s Support & Research Foundation 12-30-16; http://csrf.net/doctors-articles/salivary-cortisol-a-screening-technique/