Negative pressure effects on mechanically opposing pharyngeal muscles in awake and sleeping goats. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2001 Nov;91(5):2289-97
Date
10/20/2001Pubmed ID
11641373DOI
10.1152/jappl.2001.91.5.2289Scopus ID
2-s2.0-0034750187 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 9 CitationsAbstract
Our aim was to investigate the effects of the negative pressure reflex on mechanically opposing pharyngeal muscles during wakefulness, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. In four goats with isolated upper airways, we measured tracheal airflow and electrical activity of the thyropharyngeus (TP; constricting), the stylopharyngeus (SP; dilating), and the diaphragm (Dia). In the wakefulness state in response to negative pressure tests, TP decreased (65%), SP increased (198%), and tidal volume (VT) (66%) and rate of rise of Dia (Dia(slope), 69%) decreased (P < 0.02). Similarly, during SWS, the negative pressure response of TP (31%), VT (61%), and Dia(slope) (60%) decreased, whereas SP (113%) increased, relative to SWS control (P < 0.02). In REM sleep, the negative pressure response by TP and SP were small, whereas both VT (38%) and Dia(slope) (24%) were greatly decreased (P < 0.02) compared with REM control. Inspiratory duration remained unchanged in response to negative pressure tests in all states. These data provide evidence that mechanically opposing inspiratory and expiratory pharyngeal muscles are reciprocally controlled and their response to negative pressure are state dependent.
Author List
Feroah TR, Forster HV, Pan L, Schlick NE, Martino P, Rice TAuthor
Hubert V. Forster PhD Professor in the Physiology department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AnesthesiaAnimals
Diaphragm
Electroencephalography
Electromyography
Electrooculography
Goats
Lower Body Negative Pressure
Pharyngeal Muscles
Polysomnography
Reflex
Sleep
Sleep Stages
Sleep, REM
Wakefulness
