Androgen-regulated and highly tumorigenic human prostate cancer cell line established from a transplantable primary CWR22 tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2008 Oct 01;14(19):6062-72
Date
10/03/2008Pubmed ID
18829484Pubmed Central ID
PMC2570751DOI
10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-0979Scopus ID
2-s2.0-58149170617 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 30 CitationsAbstract
PURPOSE: One of the major obstacles in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the transition of prostate cancer growth from androgen dependency to a hormone-refractory state is the lack of androgen-regulated and tumorigenic human prostate cancer cell lines.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We have established and characterized a new human prostate cancer cell line, CWR22Pc, derived from the primary CWR22 human prostate xenograft tumors.
RESULTS: The growth of CWR22Pc cells is induced markedly by dihydrotestosterone, and CWR22Pc cells express high levels of androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Importantly, PSA expression in CWR22Pc cells is regulated by androgens. Stat5a/b, Stat3, Akt, and mitogen-activated protein kinase were constitutively active or cytokine inducible in CWR22Pc cells. The AR in CWR22Pc cells contains the H874Y mutation, but not the exon 3 duplication or other mutations. When inoculated subcutaneously into dihydrotestosterone-supplemented castrated nude mice, large tumors formed rapidly in 20 of 20 mice, whereas no tumors developed in mice without circulating dihydrotestosterone. Moreover, the serum PSA levels correlated with the tumor volumes. When androgens were withdrawn from the CWR22Pc tumors grown in nude mice, the tumors initially shrank but regrew back as androgen-independent tumors.
CONCLUSIONS: This androgen-regulated and tumorigenic human prostate cancer cell line provides a valuable tool for studies on androgen regulation of prostate cancer cells and on the molecular mechanisms taking place in growth promotion of prostate cancer when androgens are withdrawn from the growth environment. CWR22Pc cells also provide a model system for studies on the regulation of transcriptional activity of mutated H874YAR in a prostate cancer cell context.
Author List
Dagvadorj A, Tan SH, Liao Z, Cavalli LR, Haddad BR, Nevalainen MTMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AndrogensAnimals
Cell Line, Tumor
Cell Survival
Cytogenetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Male
Mice
Mice, Nude
Mutation
Neoplasm Transplantation
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Prostatic Neoplasms
Signal Transduction
