Blepharopigmentation: histopathologic observations and X-ray microanalysis. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1988;4(1):57-62
Date
01/01/1988Pubmed ID
3154718Scopus ID
2-s2.0-0023929046 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 5 CitationsAbstract
Blepharopigmentation or permanent eyeliner is a popular cosmetic procedure currently performed by a variety of methods. All methods attempt to implant ferrous oxide pigment into the dermis. We performed histopathologic studies on a series of three eyelid specimens, including two by a previously undescribed multi-needle pigment delivery system. Light microscopy revealed the epidermis to be pigment-free and the dermis to contain pigment in clumps. Transmission electron microscopy (EM) demonstrated that the pigment was largely in macrophages. Energy-dispersive x-ray micro-analysis showed that in addition to iron and talc, titanium particles were also present. These findings suggest that the pigment is tolerated by the eyelid despite the fact that current pigments are contaminated.
Author List
Simons KB, Payne CM, Heyde RRMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
AdultElectron Probe Microanalysis
Eyelids
Female
Ferrous Compounds
Humans
Iron
Middle Aged
Talc
Tattooing
Titanium
