Faculty Collaboration Database

Androgen receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms driving prostate cancer progression: Opportunities for therapeutic targeting from multiple angles. Oncotarget 2017 Jan 10;8(2):3724-3745

Date

10/16/2016

Pubmed ID

27741508

Pubmed Central ID

PMC5356914

DOI

10.18632/oncotarget.12554

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85009775057 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   93 Citations

Abstract

Despite aggressive treatment for localized cancer, prostate cancer (PC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for American men due to a subset of patients progressing to lethal and incurable metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Organ-confined PC is treated by surgery or radiation with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), while options for locally advanced and disseminated PC include radiation combined with ADT, or systemic treatments including chemotherapy. Progression to CRPC results from failure of ADT, which targets the androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis and inhibits AR-driven proliferation and survival pathways. The exact mechanisms underlying the transition from androgen-dependent PC to CRPC remain incompletely understood. Reactivation of AR has been shown to occur in CRPC despite depletion of circulating androgens by ADT. At the same time, the presence of AR-negative cell populations in CRPC has also been identified. While AR signaling has been proposed as the primary driver of CRPC, AR-independent signaling pathways may represent additional mechanisms underlying CRPC progression. Identification of new therapeutic strategies to target both AR-positive and AR-negative PC cell populations and, thereby, AR-driven as well as non-AR-driven PC cell growth and survival mechanisms would provide a two-pronged approach to eliminate CRPC cells with potential for synthetic lethality. In this review, we provide an overview of AR-dependent and AR-independent molecular mechanisms which drive CRPC, with special emphasis on the role of the Jak2-Stat5a/b signaling pathway in promoting castrate-resistant growth of PC through both AR-dependent and AR-independent mechanisms.

Author List

Hoang DT, Iczkowski KA, Kilari D, See W, Nevalainen MT

Author

Deepak Kilari MD Associate Professor in the Medicine department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Androgen Receptor Antagonists
Animals
Cell Transformation, Neoplastic
Disease Progression
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Humans
Janus Kinase 2
Ligands
Male
Molecular Targeted Therapy
Prostatic Neoplasms
Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant
Receptors, Androgen
STAT5 Transcription Factor
Signal Transduction