Macrophage Transitions in Heart Valve Development and Myxomatous Valve Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018 Mar;38(3):636-644
Date
01/20/2018Pubmed ID
29348122Pubmed Central ID
PMC5823761DOI
10.1161/ATVBAHA.117.310667Scopus ID
2-s2.0-85047924908 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site) 46 CitationsAbstract
OBJECTIVE: Hematopoietic-derived cells have been reported in heart valves but remain poorly characterized. Interestingly, recent studies reveal infiltration of leukocytes and increased macrophages in human myxomatous mitral valves. Nevertheless, timing and contribution of macrophages in normal valves and myxomatous valve disease are still unknown. The objective is to characterize leukocytes during postnatal heart valve maturation and identify macrophage subsets in myxomatous valve disease.
APPROACH AND RESULTS: Leukocytes are detected in heart valves after birth, and their numbers increase during postnatal valve development. Flow cytometry and immunostaining analysis indicate that almost all valve leukocytes are myeloid cells, consisting of at least 2 differentially localized macrophage subsets and dendritic cells. Beginning a week after birth, increased numbers of CCR2+ (C-C chemokine receptor type 2) macrophages are present, consistent with infiltrating populations of monocytes, and macrophages are localized in regions of biomechanical stress in the valve leaflets. Valve leukocytes maintain expression of CD (cluster of differentiation) 45 and do not contribute to significant numbers of endothelial or interstitial cells. Macrophage lineages were examined in aortic and mitral valves of Axin2 KO (knockout) mice that exhibit myxomatous features. Infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes and expansion of CD206-expressing macrophages are localized in regions where modified heavy chain hyaluronan is observed in myxomatous valve leaflets. Similar colocalization of modified hyaluronan and increased numbers of macrophages were observed in human myxomatous valve disease.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates the heterogeneity of myeloid cells in heart valves and highlights an alteration of macrophage subpopulations, notably an increased presence of infiltrating CCR2+ monocytes and CD206+ macrophages, in myxomatous valve disease.
Author List
Hulin A, Anstine LJ, Kim AJ, Potter SJ, DeFalco T, Lincoln J, Yutzey KEAuthor
Joy Lincoln PhD Professor in the Pediatrics department at Medical College of WisconsinMESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold
Age FactorsAged
Animals
Axin Protein
CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
Cell Lineage
Dendritic Cells
Disease Models, Animal
Extracellular Matrix
Female
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Genes, Reporter
Heart Valve Diseases
Heart Valves
Humans
Hyaluronic Acid
Lectins, C-Type
Leukocytes
Luminescent Proteins
Macrophages
Male
Mannose-Binding Lectins
Mice, 129 Strain
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Mice, Knockout
Mice, Transgenic
Middle Aged
Mutation
Phenotype
Receptors, CCR2
Receptors, Cell Surface
