Faculty Collaboration Database

Anopheles ecology, genetics and malaria transmission in northern Cambodia. Sci Rep 2021 Mar 19;11(1):6458

Date

03/21/2021

Pubmed ID

33742030

Pubmed Central ID

PMC7979810

DOI

10.1038/s41598-021-85628-1

Scopus ID

2-s2.0-85102850695 (requires institutional sign-in at Scopus site)   23 Citations

Abstract

In the Greater Mekong Subregion, malaria cases have significantly decreased but little is known about the vectors or mechanisms responsible for residual malaria transmission. We analysed a total of 3920 Anopheles mosquitoes collected during the rainy and dry seasons from four ecological settings in Cambodia (villages, forested areas near villages, rubber tree plantations and forest sites). Using odor-baited traps, 81% of the total samples across all sites were collected in cow baited traps, although 67% of the samples attracted by human baited traps were collected in forest sites. Overall, 20% of collected Anopheles were active during the day, with increased day biting during the dry season. 3131 samples were identified morphologically as 14 different species, and a subset was also identified by DNA amplicon sequencing allowing determination of 29 Anopheles species. The investigation of well characterized insecticide mutations (ace-1, kdr, and rdl genes) indicated that individuals carried mutations associated with response to all the different classes of insecticides. There also appeared to be a non-random association between mosquito species and insecticide resistance with Anopheles peditaeniatus exhibiting nearly fixed mutations. Molecular screening for Plasmodium sp. presence indicated that 3.6% of collected Anopheles were positive, most for P. vivax followed by P. falciparum. These results highlight some of the key mechanisms driving residual human malaria transmission in Cambodia, and illustrate the importance of diverse collection methods, sites and seasons to avoid bias and better characterize Anopheles mosquito ecology in Southeast Asia.

Author List

Vantaux A, Riehle MM, Piv E, Farley EJ, Chy S, Kim S, Corbett AG, Fehrman RL, Pepey A, Eiglmeier K, Lek D, Siv S, Mueller I, Vernick KD, Witkowski B

Author

Michelle M. Riehle PhD Assistant Professor in the Microbiology and Immunology department at Medical College of Wisconsin

MESH terms used to index this publication - Major topics in bold

Animals
Anopheles
Cambodia
Forests
Humans
Insect Proteins
Insecticide Resistance
Malaria
Mosquito Vectors
Mutation
Seasons